Ranking · Economy

Gold reserves by country

Name: Gold reserves by country
Creator: IMF International Liquidity

The United States holds the most gold of any country, 8,133.5 tonnes. Germany is second with 3,349.3 tonnes, followed by Italy (2,451.9), France (2,437.0) and China (2,346.4). These five countries hold 57% of the gold in the reserves of the 128 countries listed.

IMF International Liquidity, September 2026 · 128 countries · Updated September 2026

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Official gold reserves in tonnes, July 2026 or latest report

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Gold reserves by country: Official gold reserves in tonnes, July 2026 or latest report
#	Country	Tonnes	Share of reserves	End of 2021	Change since 2021
1	United States	8,133.5	81.3%	8,133.5	0.0
2	Germany	3,349.3	80.8%	3,359.1	−9.8
3	Italy	2,451.9	77.0%	2,451.9	0.0
4	France	2,437.0	78.6%	2,436.5	+0.5
5	China	2,346.4	8.0%	1,948.3	+398.1
6	Russia	2,326.5	42.6%	2,301.7	+24.8
7	Switzerland	1,039.9	12.3%	1,040.0	−0.1
8	India	880.5	16.2%	754.1	+126.4
9	Japan	846.0	8.5%	846.0	0.0
10	Turkey	772.5	61.0%	657.7	+114.8
11	Poland	640.2	28.2%	230.8	+409.4
12	Netherlands	612.5	70.1%	612.5	0.0
13	Uzbekistan	430.8	87.1%	362.0	+68.8
14	Taiwan	423.9	9.4%	423.6	+0.3
15	Portugal	382.7	79.0%	382.6	+0.1
16	Kazakhstan	369.8	76.0%	402.4	−32.6
17	Saudi Arabia	323.1	7.9%	323.1	0.0
18	United Kingdom	310.3	19.2%	310.3	0.0
19	Lebanon	286.8	74.5%	286.8	0.0
20	Spain	281.6	29.5%	281.6	0.0
21	Austria	280.1	71.5%	280.0	+0.1
22	Thailand	234.5	11.0%	244.2	−9.7
23	Belgium	227.4	54.7%	227.4	0.0
24	Singapore	203.5	5.9%	153.7	+49.8
25	Iraq	175.6	26.1%	96.4	+79.2
26	Algeria	173.6	34.7%	173.6	0.0
27	Brazil	172.4	6.0%	129.7	+42.7
28	Libya	146.7	20.8%	116.6	+30.1
29	Philippines	133.5	16.8%	158.8	−25.3
30	Egypt	129.7	31.5%	80.9	+48.8
31	Sweden	125.7	22.3%	125.7	0.0
32	South Africa	125.5	22.2%	125.3	+0.2
33	Mexico	120.0	5.9%	120.0	0.0
34	Qatar	116.2	24.7%	56.7	+59.5
35	Greece	114.7	66.7%	114.1	+0.6
36	Hungary	110.0	19.3%	94.5	+15.5
37	South Korea	104.4	3.1%	104.4	0.0
38	Romania	103.6	15.6%	103.6	0.0
39	Indonesia	87.0	7.8%	78.6	+8.4
40	Czechia	84.1	6.0%	10.6	+73.5
41	Australia	79.9	14.3%	69.9	+10.0
42	Kuwait	79.0	22.9%	79.0	0.0
43	Jordan	77.8	36.9%	64.5	+13.3
44	United Arab Emirates	75.0	3.7%	55.4	+19.6
45	Denmark	66.5	6.8%	66.5	0.0
46	Pakistan	64.8	31.4%	64.6	+0.2
47	Argentina	61.7	16.8%	54.8	+6.9
48	Cambodia	57.3	30.3%	50.4	+6.9
49	Serbia	54.8	20.2%	37.3	+17.5
50	Belarus	53.9	49.2%	53.4	+0.5
51	Kyrgyzstan	48.7	79.5%	10.2	+38.5
52	Malaysia	44.8	4.4%	38.9	+5.9
53	Finland	43.9	25.8%	49.0	−5.1
54	Bulgaria	41.0	64.2%	40.8	+0.2
55	Peru	34.7	5.8%	34.7	0.0
56	Slovakia	31.7	22.3%	31.7	0.0
57	Ukraine	27.4	6.9%	27.1	+0.3
58	Ecuador	26.3	30.0%	31.3	−5.0
59	Ghana	24.6	32.8%	8.7	+15.9
60	Bolivia	22.5	91.5%	42.5	−20.0
61	Morocco	22.1	5.4%	22.1	0.0
62	Nigeria	21.5	5.4%	21.4	+0.1
63	Guatemala	15.5	6.0%	6.9	+8.6
64	Bangladesh	14.3	5.9%	14.0	+0.3
65	Cyprus	13.9	63.9%	13.9	0.0
66	Guinea	13.2	50.7%	4.2	+9.0
67	Mauritius	12.4	16.6%	12.4	0.0
68	Ireland	12.0	11.4%	9.5	+2.5
69	Chile	9.8	2.4%	0.2	+9.6
70	Paraguay	8.2	11.0%	8.2	0.0
71	Nepal	8.0	5.3%	8.0	0.0
72	Mongolia	7.9	18.9%	9.7	−1.8
73	Georgia	7.8	13.5%	0.0	+7.8
74	North Macedonia	6.9	15.5%	6.9	0.0
75	Tunisia	6.8	9.4%	6.8	0.0
76	Latvia	6.7	14.3%	6.7	0.0
77	Oman	6.7	3.6%	0.0	+6.7
78	Lithuania	5.8	10.5%	5.8	0.0
79	Bahrain	4.7	10.4%	4.7	0.0
80	Colombia	4.7	1.1%	4.7	0.0
81	Zimbabwe	4.6	37.9%	0.0	+4.6
82	Brunei	4.5	14.5%	4.5	0.0
83	Slovenia	4.2	15.5%	3.2	+1.0
84	Mozambique	3.9	10.2%	3.9	0.0
85	Albania	3.7	5.2%	2.8	+0.9
86	Bosnia and Herzegovina	3.5	3.7%	3.0	+0.5
87	Luxembourg	2.2	9.6%	2.2	0.0
88	El Salvador	2.1	4.8%	1.4	+0.7
89	Iceland	2.0	3.3%	2.0	0.0
90	Papua New Guinea	2.0	7.3%	1.3	+0.7
91	Trinidad and Tobago	2.0	4.4%	1.9	+0.1
92	Haiti	1.8	6.5%	1.8	0.0
93	Suriname	1.2	7.9%	1.5	−0.3
94	Uruguay	1.0	0.8%	0.1	+0.9
95	Honduras	0.7	0.8%	0.7	0.0
96	Dominican Republic	0.6	0.5%	0.6	0.0
97	Bhutan	0.5	4.6%	0.6	−0.1
98	Sri Lanka	0.5	0.8%	3.0	−2.5
99	Malta	0.4	2.9%	0.1	+0.3
100	Estonia	0.2	1.4%	0.2	0.0
101	Moldova	0.1	0.2%	0.1	0.0
102	Maldives	0.1	1.3%	0.0	+0.1
103	Samoa	0.1	1.6%	·
104	Armenia	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
105	Azerbaijan	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
106	Bahamas	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
107	Belize	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
108	Barbados	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
109	Canada	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
110	Comoros	0.0	0.6%	0.0	0.0
111	Cape Verde	0.0	0.0%	1.0	−1.0
112	Costa Rica	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
113	Fiji	0.0	0.3%	0.0	0.0
114	Guyana	0.0	0.0%	·
115	Croatia	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
116	Jamaica	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
117	Kenya	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
118	Liberia	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
119	Montenegro	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
120	Nicaragua	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
121	Norway	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
122	New Zealand	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
123	Solomon Islands	0.0	·	0.2	−0.2
124	Sierra Leone	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
125	San Marino	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
126	South Sudan	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
127	Timor-Leste	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0
128	Uganda	0.0	0.0%	0.0	0.0

Gold reserves by country: Gold as a share of all official reserves, at market prices, July 2026 or latest report
#	Country	Share of reserves	Tonnes	End of 2021	Change since 2021
1	Bolivia	91.5%	22.5	42.5	−20.0
2	Uzbekistan	87.1%	430.8	362.0	+68.8
3	United States	81.3%	8,133.5	8,133.5	0.0
4	Germany	80.8%	3,349.3	3,359.1	−9.8
5	Kyrgyzstan	79.5%	48.7	10.2	+38.5
6	Portugal	79.0%	382.7	382.6	+0.1
7	France	78.6%	2,437.0	2,436.5	+0.5
8	Italy	77.0%	2,451.9	2,451.9	0.0
9	Kazakhstan	76.0%	369.8	402.4	−32.6
10	Lebanon	74.5%	286.8	286.8	0.0
11	Austria	71.5%	280.1	280.0	+0.1
12	Netherlands	70.1%	612.5	612.5	0.0
13	Greece	66.7%	114.7	114.1	+0.6
14	Bulgaria	64.2%	41.0	40.8	+0.2
15	Cyprus	63.9%	13.9	13.9	0.0
16	Turkey	61.0%	772.5	657.7	+114.8
17	Belgium	54.7%	227.4	227.4	0.0
18	Guinea	50.7%	13.2	4.2	+9.0
19	Belarus	49.2%	53.9	53.4	+0.5
20	Russia	42.6%	2,326.5	2,301.7	+24.8
21	Zimbabwe	37.9%	4.6	0.0	+4.6
22	Jordan	36.9%	77.8	64.5	+13.3
23	Algeria	34.7%	173.6	173.6	0.0
24	Ghana	32.8%	24.6	8.7	+15.9
25	Egypt	31.5%	129.7	80.9	+48.8
26	Pakistan	31.4%	64.8	64.6	+0.2
27	Cambodia	30.3%	57.3	50.4	+6.9
28	Ecuador	30.0%	26.3	31.3	−5.0
29	Spain	29.5%	281.6	281.6	0.0
30	Poland	28.2%	640.2	230.8	+409.4
31	Iraq	26.1%	175.6	96.4	+79.2
32	Finland	25.8%	43.9	49.0	−5.1
33	Qatar	24.7%	116.2	56.7	+59.5
34	Kuwait	22.9%	79.0	79.0	0.0
35	Sweden	22.3%	125.7	125.7	0.0
36	Slovakia	22.3%	31.7	31.7	0.0
37	South Africa	22.2%	125.5	125.3	+0.2
38	Libya	20.8%	146.7	116.6	+30.1
39	Serbia	20.2%	54.8	37.3	+17.5
40	Hungary	19.3%	110.0	94.5	+15.5
41	United Kingdom	19.2%	310.3	310.3	0.0
42	Mongolia	18.9%	7.9	9.7	−1.8
43	Philippines	16.8%	133.5	158.8	−25.3
44	Argentina	16.8%	61.7	54.8	+6.9
45	Mauritius	16.6%	12.4	12.4	0.0
46	India	16.2%	880.5	754.1	+126.4
47	Romania	15.6%	103.6	103.6	0.0
48	North Macedonia	15.5%	6.9	6.9	0.0
49	Slovenia	15.5%	4.2	3.2	+1.0
50	Brunei	14.5%	4.5	4.5	0.0
51	Australia	14.3%	79.9	69.9	+10.0
52	Latvia	14.3%	6.7	6.7	0.0
53	Georgia	13.5%	7.8	0.0	+7.8
54	Switzerland	12.3%	1,039.9	1,040.0	−0.1
55	Ireland	11.4%	12.0	9.5	+2.5
56	Thailand	11.0%	234.5	244.2	−9.7
57	Paraguay	11.0%	8.2	8.2	0.0
58	Lithuania	10.5%	5.8	5.8	0.0
59	Bahrain	10.4%	4.7	4.7	0.0
60	Mozambique	10.2%	3.9	3.9	0.0
61	Luxembourg	9.6%	2.2	2.2	0.0
62	Taiwan	9.4%	423.9	423.6	+0.3
63	Tunisia	9.4%	6.8	6.8	0.0
64	Japan	8.5%	846.0	846.0	0.0
65	China	8.0%	2,346.4	1,948.3	+398.1
66	Saudi Arabia	7.9%	323.1	323.1	0.0
67	Suriname	7.9%	1.2	1.5	−0.3
68	Indonesia	7.8%	87.0	78.6	+8.4
69	Papua New Guinea	7.3%	2.0	1.3	+0.7
70	Ukraine	6.9%	27.4	27.1	+0.3
71	Denmark	6.8%	66.5	66.5	0.0
72	Haiti	6.5%	1.8	1.8	0.0
73	Brazil	6.0%	172.4	129.7	+42.7
74	Czechia	6.0%	84.1	10.6	+73.5
75	Guatemala	6.0%	15.5	6.9	+8.6
76	Singapore	5.9%	203.5	153.7	+49.8
77	Mexico	5.9%	120.0	120.0	0.0
78	Bangladesh	5.9%	14.3	14.0	+0.3
79	Peru	5.8%	34.7	34.7	0.0
80	Morocco	5.4%	22.1	22.1	0.0
81	Nigeria	5.4%	21.5	21.4	+0.1
82	Nepal	5.3%	8.0	8.0	0.0
83	Albania	5.2%	3.7	2.8	+0.9
84	El Salvador	4.8%	2.1	1.4	+0.7
85	Bhutan	4.6%	0.5	0.6	−0.1
86	Malaysia	4.4%	44.8	38.9	+5.9
87	Trinidad and Tobago	4.4%	2.0	1.9	+0.1
88	United Arab Emirates	3.7%	75.0	55.4	+19.6
89	Bosnia and Herzegovina	3.7%	3.5	3.0	+0.5
90	Oman	3.6%	6.7	0.0	+6.7
91	Iceland	3.3%	2.0	2.0	0.0
92	South Korea	3.1%	104.4	104.4	0.0
93	Malta	2.9%	0.4	0.1	+0.3
94	Chile	2.4%	9.8	0.2	+9.6
95	Samoa	1.6%	0.1	·
96	Estonia	1.4%	0.2	0.2	0.0
97	Maldives	1.3%	0.1	0.0	+0.1
98	Colombia	1.1%	4.7	4.7	0.0
99	Uruguay	0.8%	1.0	0.1	+0.9
100	Honduras	0.8%	0.7	0.7	0.0
101	Sri Lanka	0.8%	0.5	3.0	−2.5
102	Comoros	0.6%	0.0	0.0	0.0
103	Dominican Republic	0.5%	0.6	0.6	0.0
104	Fiji	0.3%	0.0	0.0	0.0
105	Moldova	0.2%	0.1	0.1	0.0
106	Armenia	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
107	Azerbaijan	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
108	Bahamas	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
109	Belize	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
110	Barbados	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
111	Canada	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
112	Cape Verde	0.0%	0.0	1.0	−1.0
113	Costa Rica	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
114	Guyana	0.0%	0.0	·
115	Croatia	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
116	Jamaica	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
117	Kenya	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
118	Liberia	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
119	Montenegro	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
120	Nicaragua	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
121	Norway	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
122	New Zealand	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
123	Sierra Leone	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
124	San Marino	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
125	South Sudan	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
126	Timor-Leste	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0
127	Uganda	0.0%	0.0	0.0	0.0

Gold reserves by country: Official gold reserves in tonnes, December 2021
#	Country	End of 2021	Tonnes	Share of reserves	Change since 2021
1	United States	8,133.5	8,133.5	81.3%	0.0
2	Germany	3,359.1	3,349.3	80.8%	−9.8
3	Italy	2,451.9	2,451.9	77.0%	0.0
4	France	2,436.5	2,437.0	78.6%	+0.5
5	Russia	2,301.7	2,326.5	42.6%	+24.8
6	China	1,948.3	2,346.4	8.0%	+398.1
7	Switzerland	1,040.0	1,039.9	12.3%	−0.1
8	Japan	846.0	846.0	8.5%	0.0
9	India	754.1	880.5	16.2%	+126.4
10	Turkey	657.7	772.5	61.0%	+114.8
11	Netherlands	612.5	612.5	70.1%	0.0
12	Taiwan	423.6	423.9	9.4%	+0.3
13	Kazakhstan	402.4	369.8	76.0%	−32.6
14	Portugal	382.6	382.7	79.0%	+0.1
15	Uzbekistan	362.0	430.8	87.1%	+68.8
16	Saudi Arabia	323.1	323.1	7.9%	0.0
17	United Kingdom	310.3	310.3	19.2%	0.0
18	Lebanon	286.8	286.8	74.5%	0.0
19	Spain	281.6	281.6	29.5%	0.0
20	Austria	280.0	280.1	71.5%	+0.1
21	Thailand	244.2	234.5	11.0%	−9.7
22	Poland	230.8	640.2	28.2%	+409.4
23	Belgium	227.4	227.4	54.7%	0.0
24	Algeria	173.6	173.6	34.7%	0.0
25	Philippines	158.8	133.5	16.8%	−25.3
26	Singapore	153.7	203.5	5.9%	+49.8
27	Brazil	129.7	172.4	6.0%	+42.7
28	Sweden	125.7	125.7	22.3%	0.0
29	South Africa	125.3	125.5	22.2%	+0.2
30	Mexico	120.0	120.0	5.9%	0.0
31	Libya	116.6	146.7	20.8%	+30.1
32	Greece	114.1	114.7	66.7%	+0.6
33	South Korea	104.4	104.4	3.1%	0.0
34	Romania	103.6	103.6	15.6%	0.0
35	Iraq	96.4	175.6	26.1%	+79.2
36	Hungary	94.5	110.0	19.3%	+15.5
37	Egypt	80.9	129.7	31.5%	+48.8
38	Kuwait	79.0	79.0	22.9%	0.0
39	Indonesia	78.6	87.0	7.8%	+8.4
40	Australia	69.9	79.9	14.3%	+10.0
41	Denmark	66.5	66.5	6.8%	0.0
42	Pakistan	64.6	64.8	31.4%	+0.2
43	Jordan	64.5	77.8	36.9%	+13.3
44	Qatar	56.7	116.2	24.7%	+59.5
45	United Arab Emirates	55.4	75.0	3.7%	+19.6
46	Argentina	54.8	61.7	16.8%	+6.9
47	Belarus	53.4	53.9	49.2%	+0.5
48	Cambodia	50.4	57.3	30.3%	+6.9
49	Finland	49.0	43.9	25.8%	−5.1
50	Bolivia	42.5	22.5	91.5%	−20.0
51	Bulgaria	40.8	41.0	64.2%	+0.2
52	Malaysia	38.9	44.8	4.4%	+5.9
53	Serbia	37.3	54.8	20.2%	+17.5
54	Peru	34.7	34.7	5.8%	0.0
55	Slovakia	31.7	31.7	22.3%	0.0
56	Ecuador	31.3	26.3	30.0%	−5.0
57	Ukraine	27.1	27.4	6.9%	+0.3
58	Morocco	22.1	22.1	5.4%	0.0
59	Nigeria	21.4	21.5	5.4%	+0.1
60	Bangladesh	14.0	14.3	5.9%	+0.3
61	Cyprus	13.9	13.9	63.9%	0.0
62	Mauritius	12.4	12.4	16.6%	0.0
63	Czechia	10.6	84.1	6.0%	+73.5
64	Kyrgyzstan	10.2	48.7	79.5%	+38.5
65	Mongolia	9.7	7.9	18.9%	−1.8
66	Ireland	9.5	12.0	11.4%	+2.5
67	Ghana	8.7	24.6	32.8%	+15.9
68	Paraguay	8.2	8.2	11.0%	0.0
69	Nepal	8.0	8.0	5.3%	0.0
70	Guatemala	6.9	15.5	6.0%	+8.6
71	North Macedonia	6.9	6.9	15.5%	0.0
72	Tunisia	6.8	6.8	9.4%	0.0
73	Latvia	6.7	6.7	14.3%	0.0
74	Lithuania	5.8	5.8	10.5%	0.0
75	Bahrain	4.7	4.7	10.4%	0.0
76	Colombia	4.7	4.7	1.1%	0.0
77	Brunei	4.5	4.5	14.5%	0.0
78	Guinea	4.2	13.2	50.7%	+9.0
79	Mozambique	3.9	3.9	10.2%	0.0
80	Slovenia	3.2	4.2	15.5%	+1.0
81	Bosnia and Herzegovina	3.0	3.5	3.7%	+0.5
82	Sri Lanka	3.0	0.5	0.8%	−2.5
83	Albania	2.8	3.7	5.2%	+0.9
84	Luxembourg	2.2	2.2	9.6%	0.0
85	Iceland	2.0	2.0	3.3%	0.0
86	Trinidad and Tobago	1.9	2.0	4.4%	+0.1
87	Haiti	1.8	1.8	6.5%	0.0
88	Suriname	1.5	1.2	7.9%	−0.3
89	El Salvador	1.4	2.1	4.8%	+0.7
90	Papua New Guinea	1.3	2.0	7.3%	+0.7
91	Cape Verde	1.0	0.0	0.0%	−1.0
92	Honduras	0.7	0.7	0.8%	0.0
93	Dominican Republic	0.6	0.6	0.5%	0.0
94	Bhutan	0.6	0.5	4.6%	−0.1
95	Chile	0.2	9.8	2.4%	+9.6
96	Estonia	0.2	0.2	1.4%	0.0
97	Solomon Islands	0.2	0.0	·	−0.2
98	Uruguay	0.1	1.0	0.8%	+0.9
99	Malta	0.1	0.4	2.9%	+0.3
100	Moldova	0.1	0.1	0.2%	0.0
101	Georgia	0.0	7.8	13.5%	+7.8
102	Oman	0.0	6.7	3.6%	+6.7
103	Zimbabwe	0.0	4.6	37.9%	+4.6
104	Maldives	0.0	0.1	1.3%	+0.1
105	Armenia	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
106	Azerbaijan	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
107	Bahamas	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
108	Belize	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
109	Barbados	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
110	Canada	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
111	Comoros	0.0	0.0	0.6%	0.0
112	Costa Rica	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
113	Fiji	0.0	0.0	0.3%	0.0
114	Croatia	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
115	Jamaica	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
116	Kenya	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
117	Liberia	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
118	Montenegro	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
119	Nicaragua	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
120	Norway	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
121	New Zealand	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
122	Sierra Leone	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
123	San Marino	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
124	South Sudan	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
125	Timor-Leste	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0
126	Uganda	0.0	0.0	0.0%	0.0

Why they rank where they do

United States

Until 1971, foreign governments could exchange their dollars for US gold at $35 an ounce. On the evening of August 15, 1971, President Nixon announced that they no longer could.
Germany

The Bundesbank moved 674 tonnes of gold to Frankfurt from Paris and New York between 2013 and 2017, three years ahead of schedule. In late January 2026, after President Trump's clash with Denmark over Greenland, economists, a taxpayers' group and a Greens politician in Germany called for bringing the gold in New York home too. Bundesbank president Joachim Nagel said on January 28, 2026: "I have no doubt that our gold is safely kept at the Fed in New York."
Italy

In December 2025 the European Central Bank twice urged Italy to reconsider a budget amendment from the governing Brothers of Italy party. The amendment passed with the budget law of December 30, 2025. It says the gold "managed and held by the Bank of Italy" belongs "to the Italian People". The gold stayed on the Bank of Italy's balance sheet, and Economy Minister Giancarlo Giorgetti called the provision "a political principle".
France

Between 1963 and 1966, under President Charles de Gaulle, France turned dollars into gold and brought 3,313 tonnes home from New York and London, in about 44 voyages on passenger liners and 129 flights. The popular story that de Gaulle sent a warship to collect it is a myth. Between July 2025 and January 2026 the Banque de France sold its last 129 tonnes in New York and bought standard bars in Europe, making a gain of about €12.8 billion. All French gold is now in Paris.
China

China's central bank reported gold purchases for 18 months in a row from November 2022, paused from May to October 2024, and has reported purchases every month since November 2024. In a note dated September 23, 2026, Goldman Sachs estimated that China bought about 35 tonnes of gold in July 2026, about 75% more than the roughly 20 tonnes the central bank reported.
Russia

The IMF's latest figure for Russia is from November 2025. The Bank of Russia sold 43.5 tonnes in the first half of 2026, matching sales by the Finance Ministry that pay for the budget deficit. By the Bank of Russia's own count, it held about 2,277 tonnes on August 1, 2026, its lowest since January 2020.
Switzerland

Switzerland removed the franc's link to gold from its constitution on January 1, 2000. The Swiss National Bank then sold 1,300 tonnes between 2000 and 2005 and another 250 tonnes in 2007 and 2008. On November 30, 2014, Swiss voters rejected the "Save our Swiss gold" initiative by 77.3%.
India

In July 1991, during a balance-of-payments crisis, the Reserve Bank of India pledged 46.91 tonnes of gold with the Bank of England and the Bank of Japan for a $405 million loan. The Reserve Bank of India repaid the loan between September and November 1991.
Turkey

The IMF figure includes about 242 tonnes of gold that Turkey's central bank holds for commercial banks, under reserve requirements, deposits and swaps. The World Gold Council leaves that gold out and puts Turkey's own official gold at 530.6 tonnes. Turkey's central bank sold about 85 tonnes in the first seven months of 2026 to defend the lira.
Poland

The National Bank of Poland bought 90 tonnes of gold in 2024 and 102 tonnes in 2025, more than any other central bank. On January 20, 2026 its board approved buying up to 150 tonnes more, for a target of 700 tonnes. Governor Adam Glapiński said on September 10, 2026 that Poland's gold had reached 648 tonnes.
Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan's central bank sold 1 tonne of gold in April 2026 and another in July, but it still added 40 tonnes over the first seven months of 2026.
United Kingdom

Between July 1999 and March 2002, under Chancellor Gordon Brown, the Bank of England sold about 395 tonnes of the UK's gold in 17 auctions, at an average of $274.90 an ounce. The auctions raised about $3.5 billion, near a 20-year low in the gold price. Traders nicknamed the period "Brown's Bottom".
Lebanon

Lebanon's Law No. 42 of 1986 bars any sale of the central bank's gold without an act of parliament. About a third of Lebanon's gold is reportedly stored in the United States, but the central bank has not said where.
Czechia

The Czech National Bank held about 12 tonnes of gold at the end of 2022 and plans to reach 100 tonnes by 2028. It had bought gold for 41 months in a row as of July 2026.
Canada

Canada sold the last of its gold coins between December 2015 and February 2016, leaving 77 ounces. Canada's official reserves have shown no gold since.

Which country has the most gold?

The United States holds 8,133.5 tonnes of gold, more than any other country. Germany, Italy and France together hold 8,238.2 tonnes, slightly more than the United States alone. The US Treasury carries its gold on the books at $42.2222 an ounce, a price set by law in 1973. At that price, the gold is worth about $11 billion. At the market price of about $4,027 an ounce at the end of July 2026, the same gold was worth about $1.05 trillion.

Fort Knox holds 147.3 million ounces, 56% of the Treasury's gold. West Point holds 54.1 million ounces, Denver 43.9 million and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York 13.5 million. US gold peaked at about 22,000 tonnes in August 1949.

United States8,133.5

The next 3 together8,238.2

Germany, Italy and France

Why are central banks buying so much gold?

Buying jumped in 2022, when Western governments froze about $300 billion of Russia's central bank reserves. Reserves held as dollars or euros can be frozen, but gold kept in a country's own vaults cannot. Central banks bought 1,082 tonnes of gold in 2022, 1,051 in 2023, 1,092 in 2024 and 863 in 2025. From 2010 to 2021 they bought an average of 473 tonnes a year. Poland and China added the most.

The price rose with the buying. Gold first passed $4,000 an ounce on October 8, 2025 and reached a record $5,595.47 on January 29, 2026. By the end of 2024, gold had passed the euro to become the second-largest reserve asset after the US dollar. In a World Gold Council survey published June 16, 2026, a record 45% of central banks said they planned to add gold in the next 12 months.

Poland+409.4
China+398.1
India+126.4
Turkey+114.8
Iraq+79.2
Czechia+73.5
Uzbekistan+68.8
Qatar+59.5

Change in gold reserves from December 2021 to July 2026, in tonnes

Where do countries keep their gold?

Many central banks keep part of their gold at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Bank of England, the world's two largest gold custodians. The Bank of England's vaults hold about 400,000 bars, worth more than £200 billion, for the UK government, commercial banks and other central banks. The Bank of England owns only two of those bars.

At the end of 2025, 51% of Germany's gold was in Frankfurt, 37% in New York and 12% in London. In 2014 the Dutch central bank moved 122.5 tonnes from New York to Amsterdam, and between March and August 2026 it moved about 86 tonnes from New York and Ottawa to London. In November 2019 Poland flew 100 tonnes home from London in eight flights. By March 2026, 680 of India's 880.5 tonnes were in India.

Which countries hold the most of their reserves in gold?

Bolivia has the highest share, 91.5%, but that figure is from its latest report to the IMF, for April 2025. Uzbekistan follows at 87.1%. The United States, Germany, Portugal, France and Italy each keep close to 80% of their reserves in gold.

The United States and the eurozone countries issue the dollar and the euro, the currencies other central banks hold as reserves, so they need few foreign currencies of their own. Most of their gold dates from the decades when currencies were tied to gold. Countries with large trade surpluses, such as China and Japan, hold mostly foreign currencies. Gold is only 8.0% of China's reserves and 8.5% of Japan's.

Bolivia91.5%
Uzbekistan87.1%
United States81.3%
Germany80.8%
Kyrgyzstan79.5%
Portugal79.0%
France78.6%
Italy77.0%

About the data

These figures come from the IMF's International Liquidity data (September 2026), the reserves part of its International Financial Statistics. Gold is reported in fine troy ounces and shown here in metric tonnes (1 tonne is 32,150.7 troy ounces). It counts gold owned by each country's central bank or government, including gold deposits and gold lent in swaps. Figures are for the end of July 2026, or the latest month a country reported since January 2025: China's is from June 2026, Taiwan's from April 2026, Russia's from November 2025 and Lebanon's from March 2025. Share of reserves is gold at market prices as a share of all official reserves. Not listed: the IMF (2,814 tonnes), the European Central Bank (506.5 tonnes), sovereign wealth funds, and countries that have not reported since 2025, such as Venezuela, Iran and North Korea. Turkey's figure includes gold held for commercial banks.

Source: IMF International Liquidity

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National debtIMF 2025 1

Venezuela308.7% 2

Japan206.5% 3

Sudan187.6% GDPIMF 2025 1

United States$30.8tn 2

China$19.6tn 3

Germany$5.05tn Critical mineralsUSGS 2025 1

China69.2% 2

United States13.1% 3

Australia7.4%

Five countries hold 57% of the gold in national reserves

Why they rank where they do

Which country has the most gold?

Why are central banks buying so much gold?

Where do countries keep their gold?

Which countries hold the most of their reserves in gold?

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