ORBIS

Ranking · People

Population by country

India is the most populous country in the world with about 1.46 billion people, after passing China in 2023. China is second with about 1.42 billion, but its population is falling. The UN projects China will have about 1.26 billion by 2050. The United States is third with 347 million.

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · 197 countries · Updated September 2026

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Population in 2025, UN estimate

World map shaded by population in 2025, UN estimate
  • Under 5m
  • 5m–20m
  • 20m–50m
  • 50m–150m
  • Over 150m
  • Not in this ranking
# Country Population 2025 2050 forecast Change to 2050
1 India 1.46 billion 1.68 billion+15%
2 China 1.42 billion 1.26 billion−11%
3 United States 347.3 million 380.8 million+10%
4 Indonesia 285.7 million 320.7 million+12%
5 Pakistan 255.2 million 371.9 million+46%
6 Nigeria 237.5 million 359.2 million+51%
7 Brazil 212.8 million 217.5 million+2%
8 Bangladesh 175.7 million 214.7 million+22%
9 Russia 144.0 million 136.1 million−5%
10 Ethiopia 135.5 million 225.0 million+66%
11 Mexico 131.9 million 148.9 million+13%
12 Japan 123.1 million 105.1 million−15%
13 Egypt 118.4 million 161.6 million+37%
14 Philippines 116.8 million 134.4 million+15%
15 DR Congo 112.8 million 218.2 million+93%
16 Vietnam 101.6 million 110.0 million+8%
17 Iran 92.4 million 101.9 million+10%
18 Turkey 87.7 million 91.3 million+4%
19 Germany 84.1 million 78.3 million−7%
20 Thailand 71.6 million 66.4 million−7%
21 Tanzania 70.5 million 129.6 million+84%
22 United Kingdom 69.6 million 75.5 million+9%
23 France 66.7 million 68.2 million+2%
24 South Africa 64.7 million 79.2 million+22%
25 Italy 59.1 million 51.9 million−12%
26 Kenya 57.5 million 83.6 million+45%
27 Myanmar 54.9 million 58.6 million+7%
28 Colombia 53.4 million 59.4 million+11%
29 South Korea 51.7 million 45.1 million−13%
30 Sudan 51.7 million 85.2 million+65%
31 Uganda 51.4 million 85.4 million+66%
32 Spain 47.9 million 44.9 million−6%
33 Algeria 47.4 million 59.6 million+26%
34 Iraq 47.0 million 71.9 million+53%
35 Argentina 45.9 million 48.3 million+5%
36 Afghanistan 43.8 million 76.9 million+75%
37 Yemen 41.8 million 71.0 million+70%
38 Canada 40.1 million 45.6 million+14%
39 Angola 39.0 million 74.3 million+90%
40 Ukraine 39.0 million 32.0 million−18%
41 Morocco 38.4 million 43.4 million+13%
42 Poland 38.1 million 32.8 million−14%
43 Uzbekistan 37.1 million 52.2 million+41%
44 Malaysia 36.0 million 44.3 million+23%
45 Mozambique 35.6 million 63.5 million+78%
46 Ghana 35.1 million 50.6 million+44%
47 Peru 34.6 million 40.6 million+17%
48 Saudi Arabia 34.6 million 47.7 million+38%
49 Madagascar 32.7 million 53.2 million+62%
50 Côte d'Ivoire 32.7 million 55.7 million+70%
51 Cameroon 29.9 million 51.1 million+71%
52 Nepal 29.6 million 34.6 million+17%
53 Venezuela 28.5 million 31.1 million+9%
54 Niger 27.9 million 52.5 million+88%
55 Australia 27.0 million 32.5 million+21%
56 North Korea 26.6 million 25.8 million−3%
57 Syria 25.6 million 37.8 million+48%
58 Mali 25.2 million 46.2 million+83%
59 Burkina Faso 24.1 million 37.3 million+55%
60 Sri Lanka 23.2 million 24.8 million+7%
61 Taiwan 23.1 million 19.4 million−16%
62 Malawi 22.2 million 37.4 million+68%
63 Zambia 21.9 million 38.1 million+74%
64 Chad 21.0 million 38.9 million+85%
65 Kazakhstan 20.8 million 26.5 million+27%
66 Chile 19.9 million 20.3 million+2%
67 Somalia 19.7 million 37.2 million+89%
68 Senegal 18.9 million 30.4 million+60%
69 Romania 18.9 million 16.0 million−15%
70 Guatemala 18.7 million 24.7 million+32%
71 Netherlands 18.3 million 19.0 million+3%
72 Ecuador 18.3 million 21.3 million+17%
73 Cambodia 17.8 million 21.9 million+23%
74 Zimbabwe 17.0 million 25.9 million+53%
75 Guinea 15.1 million 23.4 million+55%
76 Benin 14.8 million 24.4 million+65%
77 Rwanda 14.6 million 22.7 million+56%
78 Burundi 14.4 million 24.1 million+68%
79 Bolivia 12.6 million 16.1 million+28%
80 Tunisia 12.3 million 13.1 million+6%
81 South Sudan 12.2 million 18.3 million+50%
82 Haiti 11.9 million 14.7 million+24%
83 Belgium 11.8 million 11.9 million+1%
84 Jordan 11.5 million 16.4 million+42%
85 Dominican Republic 11.5 million 13.0 million+13%
86 United Arab Emirates 11.3 million 15.4 million+35%
87 Honduras 11.0 million 14.8 million+35%
88 Cuba 10.9 million 9.4 million−14%
89 Tajikistan 10.8 million 15.6 million+44%
90 Papua New Guinea 10.8 million 14.9 million+39%
91 Sweden 10.7 million 11.3 million+6%
92 Czechia 10.6 million 9.8 million−7%
93 Portugal 10.4 million 9.8 million−6%
94 Azerbaijan 10.4 million 11.2 million+8%
95 Greece 9.9 million 8.8 million−11%
96 Togo 9.7 million 15.6 million+60%
97 Hungary 9.6 million 8.7 million−9%
98 Israel 9.5 million 13.1 million+38%
99 Austria 9.1 million 8.7 million−4%
100 Belarus 9.0 million 7.5 million−17%
101 Switzerland 9.0 million 9.3 million+4%
102 Sierra Leone 8.8 million 12.9 million+47%
103 Laos 7.9 million 9.8 million+24%
104 Turkmenistan 7.6 million 9.6 million+27%
105 Libya 7.5 million 9.3 million+24%
106 Kyrgyzstan 7.3 million 9.6 million+32%
107 Paraguay 7.0 million 8.6 million+23%
108 Nicaragua 7.0 million 8.8 million+25%
109 Bulgaria 6.7 million 5.4 million−20%
110 Serbia 6.7 million 5.5 million−17%
111 Republic of the Congo 6.5 million 11.0 million+70%
112 El Salvador 6.4 million 6.7 million+5%
113 Denmark 6.0 million 6.1 million+2%
114 Singapore 5.9 million 6.1 million+4%
115 Lebanon 5.8 million 7.0 million+20%
116 Liberia 5.7 million 8.9 million+55%
117 Finland 5.6 million 5.4 million−5%
118 Norway 5.6 million 5.9 million+5%
119 Palestine 5.6 million 8.5 million+51%
120 Central African Republic 5.5 million 10.6 million+93%
121 Oman 5.5 million 7.8 million+42%
122 Slovakia 5.5 million 4.9 million−10%
123 Mauritania 5.3 million 9.4 million+77%
124 Ireland 5.3 million 6.0 million+12%
125 New Zealand 5.3 million 5.8 million+10%
126 Costa Rica 5.2 million 5.4 million+4%
127 Kuwait 5.0 million 6.4 million+27%
128 Panama 4.6 million 5.6 million+23%
129 Croatia 3.8 million 3.2 million−16%
130 Georgia 3.8 million 3.7 million−4%
131 Eritrea 3.6 million 5.7 million+58%
132 Mongolia 3.5 million 4.5 million+28%
133 Uruguay 3.4 million 3.3 million−4%
134 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.1 million 2.5 million−22%
135 Qatar 3.1 million 4.2 million+34%
136 Namibia 3.1 million 4.5 million+46%
137 Moldova 3.0 million 2.4 million−22%
138 Armenia 3.0 million 2.5 million−15%
139 Jamaica 2.8 million 2.5 million−13%
140 Lithuania 2.8 million 2.3 million−20%
141 Gambia 2.8 million 4.3 million+52%
142 Albania 2.8 million 2.2 million−19%
143 Gabon 2.6 million 4.1 million+58%
144 Botswana 2.6 million 3.4 million+34%
145 Lesotho 2.4 million 3.0 million+27%
146 Guinea-Bissau 2.2 million 3.4 million+53%
147 Slovenia 2.1 million 2.0 million−6%
148 Equatorial Guinea 1.9 million 3.1 million+62%
149 Latvia 1.9 million 1.5 million−18%
150 North Macedonia 1.8 million 1.5 million−17%
151 Kosovo 1.7 million 1.6 million−2%
152 Bahrain 1.6 million 2.1 million+30%
153 Trinidad and Tobago 1.5 million 1.4 million−7%
154 Timor-Leste 1.4 million 1.9 million+33%
155 Cyprus 1.4 million 1.5 million+10%
156 Estonia 1.3 million 1.2 million−13%
157 Mauritius 1.3 million 1.1 million−13%
158 Eswatini 1.3 million 1.5 million+20%
159 Djibouti 1.2 million 1.5 million+29%
160 Fiji 0.9 million 1.0 million+7%
161 Comoros 0.9 million 1.3 million+48%
162 Solomon Islands 0.8 million 1.3 million+56%
163 Guyana 0.8 million 0.9 million+13%
164 Bhutan 0.8 million 0.9 million+11%
165 Luxembourg 0.7 million 0.8 million+16%
166 Suriname 0.6 million 0.7 million+15%
167 Montenegro 0.6 million 0.5 million−16%
168 Malta 0.5 million 0.5 million−2%
169 Maldives 0.5 million 0.6 million+11%
170 Cape Verde 0.5 million 0.6 million+7%
171 Brunei 0.5 million 0.5 million+11%
172 Belize 0.4 million 0.5 million+22%
173 Bahamas 0.4 million 0.4 million+5%
174 Iceland 0.4 million 0.4 million+9%
175 Vanuatu 0.3 million 0.5 million+59%
176 Barbados 0.3 million 0.3 million−7%
177 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.2 million 0.4 million+52%
178 Samoa 0.2 million 0.3 million+24%
179 Saint Lucia 0.2 million 0.2 million−4%
180 Kiribati 0.1 million 0.2 million+34%
181 Seychelles 0.1 million 0.1 million+7%
182 Grenada 0.1 million 0.1 million−3%
183 Micronesia 0.1 million 0.1 million+11%
184 Tonga 0.1 million 0.1 million+1%
185 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.1 million 0.1 million−11%
186 Antigua and Barbuda 0.1 million 0.1 million+1%
187 Andorra 0.1 million 0.1 million−1%
188 Dominica 0.1 million 0.1 million−4%
189 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.0 million 0.0 million−6%
190 Liechtenstein 0.0 million 0.0 million+7%
191 Monaco 0.0 million 0.0 million−4%
192 Marshall Islands 0.0 million 0.0 million−31%
193 San Marino 0.0 million 0.0 million+0%
194 Palau 0.0 million 0.0 million−12%
195 Nauru 0.0 million 0.0 million+31%
196 Tuvalu 0.0 million 0.0 million+3%
197 Vatican City 0.0 million 0.0 million+43%

Why they rank where they do

  • India

    About one in six people on Earth is Indian. The UN expects India's population to keep growing into the 2060s, peaking near 1.7 billion.

  • United States

    The United States is the only large wealthy country the UN expects to keep growing through this century, reaching about 420 million by 2100, almost entirely because of immigration.

  • Pakistan

    Pakistan adds about 4 million people a year, with about 3.5 children per woman, far above India or Bangladesh. Pakistan is one of the most water-stressed countries on Earth.

  • Nigeria

    Nigeria's median age is about 18. The UN projects Nigeria will overtake the United States in population around 2057 and reach roughly 475 million by 2100.

  • Bangladesh

    In 1975 the average Bangladeshi woman had nearly seven children. Today the figure is about two, one of the fastest fertility declines ever recorded.

  • Russia

    Low fertility, high male mortality, war losses and the largest emigration wave in decades are shrinking Russia by hundreds of thousands of people a year.

  • Egypt

    Over 100 million Egyptians live on about 4% of Egypt's land, almost entirely in the Nile valley and delta, one of the densest inhabited strips on Earth.

Which countries will have the largest populations in 2050?

The UN projects India will remain first in 2050 with about 1.68 billion people, and China second. The United States stays third at about 381 million. Pakistan is projected to overtake Indonesia in the late 2030s and reach about 372 million, becoming the fourth most populous country. Nigeria follows at about 359 million. Indonesia falls to sixth at about 321 million.

Which countries are growing the fastest?

Among countries with at least 10 million people, the UN projects the fastest population growth between 2025 and 2050 in DR Congo, where the population is expected to grow by 93%, from 112.8 million to 218.2 million. Angola follows at 90%, then Somalia at 89%, Niger at 88%, Chad at 85%, Tanzania at 84% and Mali at 83%. All seven are in Africa. The fastest-growing country outside Africa is Afghanistan, at 75%.

  1. DR Congo+93%
  2. Angola+90%
  3. Somalia+89%
  4. Niger+88%
  5. Chad+85%
  6. Tanzania+84%
  7. Mali+83%
  8. Mozambique+78%

Change in population, 2025 to 2050. Countries with at least 10 million people.

Which countries are shrinking?

Among countries with at least 10 million people, the UN projects the steepest population declines between 2025 and 2050 in Ukraine, which is expected to shrink by 18%, from 39.0 million to 32.0 million. Taiwan follows with a fall of 16%. Romania and Japan each shrink by 15%, with Japan falling from 123.1 million to 105.1 million. Poland shrinks by 14%, South Korea by 13%, Italy by 12% and China by 11%. Japan's population peaked around 2009. China's population began falling in 2022, the first sustained decline since the famine years.

  1. Ukraine−18%
  2. Taiwan−16%
  3. Romania−15%
  4. Japan−15%
  5. Cuba−14%
  6. Poland−14%
  7. South Korea−13%
  8. Italy−12%

Change in population, 2025 to 2050. Countries with at least 10 million people.

All rankings →
Fertility rateUN 2025 1South Korea0.75 2Taiwan0.86 3Singapore0.96 Largest countriesUN 2024 1Russia17.1M km² 2Canada10.0M km² 3United States9.8M km² GDPIMF 2025 1United States$30.8tn 2China$19.6tn 3Germany$5.05tn
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