Ranking · Energy and resources
CO2 emissions by country
China emitted 12,289 million tonnes of CO2 in 2024, 31.8% of the world's total and more than the next five countries combined. The United States was second at 4,904 million tonnes, followed by India at 3,193, Russia at 1,781 and Japan at 962. The top five together emitted 59.9% of the world's CO2.
Five countries emit 60% of the world's CO2
Share of world CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and cement, 2024. Everyone else includes international shipping and flights.
China 32%
13%
8%
Everyone else 40%
- China 12,289
- United States 4,904
- India 3,193
- Russia 1,781
- Japan 962
- Everyone else 15,470
- Under 10
- 10–50
- 50–200
- 200–1,000
- Over 1,000
- Not in this ranking
- Under 2
- 2–5
- 5–10
- 10–15
- Over 15
- Not in this ranking
- Under 1,000
- 1,000–5,000
- 5,000–20,000
- 20,000–80,000
- Over 80,000
- Not in this ranking
- Under 10
- 10–50
- 50–200
- 200–1,000
- Over 1,000
- Not in this ranking
| # | Country | Million tonnes | Per person | Since 1750 | 1990 | Share of world | Change since 1990 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China |
12,289 | 8.7 | 285,087 | 2,484 | 31.8% | +395% |
| 2 | United States |
4,904 | 14.2 | 434,867 | 5,132 | 12.7% | −4% |
| 3 |  India |
3,193 | 2.2 | 66,073 | 578 | 8.3% | +452% |
| 4 |  Russia |
1,781 | 12.3 | 122,808 | 2,536 | 4.6% | −30% |
| 5 |  Japan |
962 | 7.8 | 69,612 | 1,155 | 2.5% | −17% |
| 6 |  Indonesia |
812 | 2.9 | 17,420 | 155 | 2.1% | +424% |
| 7 |  Iran |
793 | 8.7 | 21,811 | 211 | 2.1% | +276% |
| 8 |  Saudi Arabia |
692 | 20.4 | 19,020 | 182 | 1.8% | +280% |
| 9 |  South Korea |
584 | 11.3 | 20,708 | 251 | 1.5% | +133% |
| 10 |  Germany |
572 | 6.8 | 95,136 | 1,055 | 1.5% | −46% |
| 11 |  Canada |
533 | 13.4 | 35,644 | 458 | 1.4% | +16% |
| 12 |  Turkey |
513 | 5.9 | 12,888 | 155 | 1.3% | +231% |
| 13 |  Brazil |
483 | 2.3 | 18,199 | 219 | 1.3% | +121% |
| 14 |  Mexico |
461 | 3.5 | 22,016 | 317 | 1.2% | +45% |
| 15 |  South Africa |
440 | 6.9 | 22,827 | 313 | 1.1% | +41% |
| 16 |  Australia |
387 | 14.5 | 20,040 | 278 | 1.0% | +39% |
| 17 |  Vietnam |
371 | 3.7 | 5,669 | 21.3 | 1.0% | +1,642% |
| 18 |  United Kingdom |
313 | 4.5 | 80,079 | 602 | 0.8% | −48% |
| 19 |  Italy |
302 | 5.1 | 26,006 | 438 | 0.8% | −31% |
| 20 |  Malaysia |
290 | 8.2 | 7,042 | 54.3 | 0.8% | +434% |
| 21 |  Kazakhstan |
287 | 13.9 | 14,937 | 267 | 0.7% | +7% |
| 22 |  Poland |
273 | 7.1 | 29,044 | 376 | 0.7% | −27% |
| 23 |  Thailand |
268 | 3.7 | 8,308 | 86.6 | 0.7% | +209% |
| 24 |  France |
264 | 4.0 | 40,048 | 395 | 0.7% | −33% |
| 25 |  Taiwan |
262 | 11.3 | 10,092 | 124 | 0.7% | +111% |
| 26 |  Egypt |
258 | 2.2 | 7,471 | 72.9 | 0.7% | +254% |
| 27 |  Iraq |
234 | 5.1 | 5,351 | 49.7 | 0.6% | +371% |
| 28 |  United Arab Emirates |
222 | 20.1 | 5,824 | 51.9 | 0.6% | +328% |
| 29 |  Spain |
220 | 4.6 | 15,700 | 229 | 0.6% | −4% |
| 30 |  Algeria |
198 | 4.2 | 5,477 | 75.9 | 0.5% | +161% |
| 31 |  Pakistan |
180 | 0.7 | 5,740 | 67.8 | 0.5% | +165% |
| 32 |  Philippines |
175 | 1.5 | 3,984 | 40.8 | 0.5% | +329% |
| 33 |  Argentina |
171 | 3.7 | 9,152 | 112 | 0.4% | +53% |
| 34 |  Ukraine |
142 | 3.8 | 31,236 | 707 | 0.4% | −80% |
| 35 |  Uzbekistan |
139 | 3.8 | 6,751 | 103 | 0.4% | +35% |
| 36 |  Nigeria |
136 | 0.6 | 4,711 | 38.8 | 0.4% | +251% |
| 37 |  Kuwait |
130 | 26.2 | 3,398 | 37.9 | 0.3% | +243% |
| 38 |  Qatar |
126 | 41.3 | 2,591 | 11.4 | 0.3% | +1,005% |
| 39 |  Venezuela |
116 | 4.1 | 7,886 | 121 | 0.3% | −4% |
| 40 |  Netherlands |
115 | 6.3 | 12,262 | 163 | 0.3% | −29% |
| 41 |  Bangladesh |
108 | 0.6 | 2,001 | 14.1 | 0.3% | +666% |
| 42 |  Colombia |
92.7 | 1.8 | 3,802 | 56.9 | 0.2% | +63% |
| 43 |  Belgium |
85.5 | 7.3 | 12,906 | 120 | 0.2% | −29% |
| 44 |  Oman |
82.7 | 15.7 | 1,673 | 11.3 | 0.2% | +632% |
| 45 |  Turkmenistan |
81.0 | 10.8 | 2,742 | 33.4 | 0.2% | +143% |
| 46 |  Chile |
78.7 | 4.0 | 3,325 | 32.9 | 0.2% | +139% |
| 47 |  Czechia |
75.6 | 7.0 | 12,332 | 164 | 0.2% | −54% |
| 48 |  Peru |
70.2 | 2.1 | 2,162 | 21.4 | 0.2% | +228% |
| 49 |  Morocco |
69.1 | 1.8 | 2,016 | 22.3 | 0.2% | +210% |
| 50 |  Romania |
68.6 | 3.6 | 8,862 | 177 | 0.2% | −61% |
| 51 |  Libya |
65.3 | 8.8 | 2,490 | 36.5 | 0.2% | +79% |
| 52 |  North Korea |
62.6 | 2.4 | 5,493 | 118 | 0.2% | −47% |
| 53 |  Austria |
56.4 | 6.2 | 5,750 | 62.2 | 0.1% | −9% |
| 54 |  Belarus |
55.8 | 6.2 | 5,184 | 108 | 0.1% | −48% |
| 55 |  Singapore |
53.9 | 9.2 | 2,248 | 43.5 | 0.1% | +24% |
| 56 |  Greece |
53.4 | 5.3 | 4,297 | 83.4 | 0.1% | −36% |
| 57 |  Israel |
52.6 | 5.6 | 2,608 | 35.8 | 0.1% | +47% |
| 58 |  Ecuador |
46.0 | 2.5 | 1,391 | 16.5 | 0.1% | +179% |
| 59 |  Mongolia |
44.7 | 12.9 | 861 | 9.8 | 0.1% | +356% |
| 60 |  Serbia |
42.0 | 6.2 | 2,925 | 57.5 | 0.1% | −27% |
| 61 |  Hungary |
40.0 | 4.1 | 5,184 | 73.4 | 0.1% | −46% |
| 62 |  Azerbaijan |
39.8 | 3.9 | 2,637 | 51.3 | 0.1% | −22% |
| 63 |  Bahrain |
39.0 | 24.3 | 1,112 | 11.5 | 0.1% | +239% |
| 64 |  Sweden |
38.1 | 3.6 | 5,135 | 57.4 | 0.1% | −34% |
| 65 |  Norway |
37.2 | 6.7 | 2,787 | 35.0 | 0.1% | +6% |
| 66 |  Portugal |
35.5 | 3.4 | 2,768 | 45.3 | 0.1% | −22% |
| 67 |  Trinidad and Tobago |
34.6 | 22.9 | 1,711 | 17.0 | 0.1% | +104% |
| 68 |  Ireland |
33.3 | 6.3 | 2,366 | 32.9 | 0.1% | +1% |
| 69 |  Dominican Republic |
33.1 | 2.9 | 869 | 8.9 | 0.1% | +272% |
| 70 |  Tunisia |
32.7 | 2.7 | 1,066 | 14.6 | 0.1% | +124% |
| 71 |  New Zealand |
32.5 | 6.2 | 2,012 | 25.5 | 0.1% | +27% |
| 72 |  Switzerland |
32.1 | 3.6 | 3,158 | 44.1 | 0.1% | −27% |
| 73 |  Syria |
31.8 | 1.3 | 2,056 | 37.3 | 0.1% | −15% |
| 74 |  Bulgaria |
31.6 | 4.7 | 3,984 | 76.6 | 0.1% | −59% |
| 75 |  Myanmar |
31.6 | 0.6 | 728 | 4.2 | 0.1% | +652% |
| 76 |  Finland |
29.8 | 5.3 | 3,325 | 56.9 | 0.1% | −48% |
| 77 |  Slovakia |
29.1 | 5.3 | 4,028 | 61.5 | 0.1% | −53% |
| 78 |  Bolivia |
28.7 | 2.3 | 641 | 10.0 | 0.1% | +187% |
| 79 |  Denmark |
28.4 | 4.7 | 4,200 | 53.5 | 0.1% | −47% |
| 80 |  Cuba |
24.4 | 2.2 | 1,814 | 29.6 | 0.1% | −18% |
| 81 |  Laos |
24.4 | 3.1 | 243 | 0.51 | 0.1% | +4,684% |
| 82 |  Jordan |
23.2 | 2.0 | 793 | 10.6 | 0.1% | +119% |
| 83 |  Angola |
22.3 | 0.6 | 740 | 5.1 | 0.1% | +337% |
| 84 |  Cambodia |
21.9 | 1.2 | 252 | 1.3 | 0.1% | +1,585% |
| 85 |  Kenya |
21.2 | 0.4 | 551 | 5.8 | 0.1% | +266% |
| 86 |  Ghana |
21.0 | 0.6 | 427 | 3.5 | 0.1% | +500% |
| 87 |  Sri Lanka |
20.8 | 0.9 | 568 | 3.8 | 0.1% | +447% |
| 88 |  Tanzania |
20.0 | 0.3 | 345 | 2.1 | 0.1% | +852% |
| 89 |  Guatemala |
19.9 | 1.1 | 516 | 4.7 | 0.1% | +323% |
| 90 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
19.4 | 6.1 | 1,043 | 19.9 | 0.1% | −3% |
| 91 |  Nepal |
18.8 | 0.6 | 232 | 0.72 | 0.0% | +2,511% |
| 92 |  Croatia |
18.5 | 4.8 | 1,185 | 22.9 | 0.0% | −19% |
| 93 |  Ethiopia |
17.8 | 0.1 | 330 | 3.0 | 0.0% | +493% |
| 94 |  Sudan |
17.8 | 0.4 | 517 | 4.8 | 0.0% | +271% |
| 95 |  Lebanon |
15.6 | 2.7 | 795 | 7.9 | 0.0% | +97% |
| 96 |  Côte d'Ivoire |
14.8 | 0.5 | 400 | 4.8 | 0.0% | +208% |
| 97 |  Senegal |
14.1 | 0.8 | 301 | 2.9 | 0.0% | +386% |
| 98 |  Zimbabwe |
13.7 | 0.8 | 833 | 15.5 | 0.0% | −12% |
| 99 |  Honduras |
12.9 | 1.2 | 310 | 2.5 | 0.0% | +416% |
| 100 |  Slovenia |
12.8 | 6.0 | 911 | 15.1 | 0.0% | −15% |
| 101 |  Panama |
12.7 | 2.8 | 360 | 2.6 | 0.0% | +388% |
| 102 |  Lithuania |
12.5 | 4.4 | 1,610 | 35.7 | 0.0% | −65% |
| 103 |  Brunei |
12.1 | 26.0 | 428 | 5.0 | 0.0% | +142% |
| 104 |  Zambia |
12.0 | 0.6 | 301 | 2.4 | 0.0% | +400% |
| 105 |  Georgia |
11.8 | 3.1 | 662 | 14.9 | 0.0% | −21% |
| 106 |  Kyrgyzstan |
11.8 | 1.6 | 883 | 19.2 | 0.0% | −39% |
| 107 |  Afghanistan |
10.8 | 0.3 | 243 | 2.0 | 0.0% | +440% |
| 108 |  Tajikistan |
10.7 | 1.0 | 518 | 12.3 | 0.0% | −13% |
| 109 |  Yemen |
10.1 | 0.2 | 708 | 9.6 | 0.0% | +5% |
| 110 |  Cameroon |
9.6 | 0.3 | 309 | 2.6 | 0.0% | +269% |
| 111 |  El Salvador |
9.0 | 1.4 | 265 | 2.5 | 0.0% | +260% |
| 112 |  Republic of the Congo |
8.8 | 1.4 | 191 | 1.0 | 0.0% | +780% |
| 113 |  Costa Rica |
8.8 | 1.7 | 286 | 2.9 | 0.0% | +203% |
| 114 |  Mozambique |
8.6 | 0.2 | 211 | 1.0 | 0.0% | +760% |
| 115 |  Jamaica |
8.4 | 3.0 | 485 | 7.5 | 0.0% | +12% |
| 116 |  Estonia |
8.3 | 6.1 | 1,668 | 36.9 | 0.0% | −78% |
| 117 |  Papua New Guinea |
8.3 | 0.8 | 210 | 2.2 | 0.0% | +277% |
| 118 |  Kosovo |
8.0 | 4.8 | 188 | · | 0.0% | |
| 119 |  Uruguay |
8.0 | 2.4 | 477 | 4.0 | 0.0% | +100% |
| 120 |  Paraguay |
7.9 | 1.1 | 209 | 2.1 | 0.0% | +276% |
| 121 |  Botswana |
7.5 | 3.0 | 184 | 2.7 | 0.0% | +178% |
| 122 |  Armenia |
7.4 | 2.5 | 407 | 9.0 | 0.0% | −18% |
| 123 |  Cyprus |
7.3 | 5.4 | 322 | 4.6 | 0.0% | +59% |
| 124 |  Equatorial Guinea |
7.0 | 3.7 | 163 | 0.06 | 0.0% | +11,567% |
| 125 |  Luxembourg |
7.0 | 10.5 | 783 | 11.8 | 0.0% | −41% |
| 126 |  Mali |
7.0 | 0.3 | 100 | 0.42 | 0.0% | +1,567% |
| 127 |  North Macedonia |
6.6 | 3.6 | 538 | 11.1 | 0.0% | −41% |
| 128 |  Burkina Faso |
6.5 | 0.3 | 95.8 | 0.59 | 0.0% | +1,002% |
| 129 |  Latvia |
6.5 | 3.5 | 981 | 19.7 | 0.0% | −67% |
| 130 |  Uganda |
6.3 | 0.1 | 131 | 0.76 | 0.0% | +729% |
| 131 |  Benin |
6.1 | 0.4 | 128 | 0.58 | 0.0% | +952% |
| 132 |  DR Congo |
5.9 | 0.1 | 239 | 4.2 | 0.0% | +40% |
| 133 |  Nicaragua |
5.6 | 0.8 | 198 | 2.0 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 134 |  Gabon |
5.4 | 2.1 | 307 | 4.5 | 0.0% | +20% |
| 135 |  Moldova |
5.3 | 1.8 | 1,358 | 36.5 | 0.0% | −85% |
| 136 |  Mauritania |
5.2 | 1.0 | 99.9 | 0.85 | 0.0% | +512% |
| 137 |  Palestine |
4.8 | 0.9 | 78.0 | 0.86 | 0.0% | +458% |
| 138 |  Mauritius |
4.7 | 3.7 | 133 | 1.5 | 0.0% | +213% |
| 139 |  Guyana |
4.5 | 5.4 | 117 | 1.1 | 0.0% | +309% |
| 140 |  Madagascar |
4.5 | 0.1 | 113 | 0.94 | 0.0% | +379% |
| 141 |  Albania |
4.4 | 1.6 | 308 | 5.5 | 0.0% | −20% |
| 142 |  Guinea |
4.0 | 0.3 | 106 | 0.97 | 0.0% | +312% |
| 143 |  Iceland |
3.8 | 9.7 | 172 | 2.2 | 0.0% | +73% |
| 144 |  Namibia |
3.5 | 1.1 | 87.2 | · | 0.0% | |
| 145 |  Niger |
3.2 | 0.1 | 61.5 | 0.60 | 0.0% | +433% |
| 146 |  Bahamas |
3.1 | 7.6 | 181 | 2.0 | 0.0% | +55% |
| 147 |  Haiti |
3.0 | 0.3 | 88.8 | 0.99 | 0.0% | +203% |
| 148 |  Suriname |
3.0 | 4.7 | 129 | 1.7 | 0.0% | +76% |
| 149 |  Chad |
2.8 | 0.1 | 51.3 | 0.38 | 0.0% | +637% |
| 150 |  Togo |
2.8 | 0.3 | 76.6 | 0.98 | 0.0% | +186% |
| 151 |  Lesotho |
2.6 | 1.1 | 72.3 | 1.5 | 0.0% | +73% |
| 152 |  Montenegro |
2.4 | 3.7 | 122 | 2.2 | 0.0% | +9% |
| 153 |  Maldives |
2.3 | 4.4 | 33.7 | 0.17 | 0.0% | +1,253% |
| 154 |  Rwanda |
2.0 | 0.1 | 37.3 | 0.52 | 0.0% | +285% |
| 155 |  Malawi |
1.9 | 0.1 | 57.6 | 0.74 | 0.0% | +157% |
| 156 |  Bhutan |
1.7 | 2.1 | 29.8 | 0.19 | 0.0% | +795% |
| 157 |  Malta |
1.7 | 3.2 | 111 | 2.4 | 0.0% | −29% |
| 158 |  South Sudan |
1.7 | 0.1 | 45.5 | 0.42 | 0.0% | +305% |
| 159 |  Barbados |
1.4 | 4.8 | 63.9 | 1.0 | 0.0% | +40% |
| 160 |  Fiji |
1.4 | 1.6 | 54.1 | 0.80 | 0.0% | +75% |
| 161 |  Sierra Leone |
1.4 | 0.2 | 42.6 | 0.50 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 162 |  Somalia |
1.3 | 0.1 | 41.9 | 0.78 | 0.0% | +67% |
| 163 |  Eswatini |
1.0 | 0.8 | 44.6 | 0.96 | 0.0% | +4% |
| 164 |  Burundi |
0.92 | 0.1 | 16.7 | 0.21 | 0.0% | +338% |
| 165 |  Liberia |
0.86 | 0.2 | 52.5 | 0.46 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 166 |  Belize |
0.80 | 1.9 | 22.5 | 0.31 | 0.0% | +158% |
| 167 |  Gambia |
0.80 | 0.3 | 17.7 | 0.20 | 0.0% | +300% |
| 168 |  Eritrea |
0.74 | 0.2 | 19.1 | · | 0.0% | |
| 169 |  Antigua and Barbuda |
0.67 | 7.1 | 26.9 | 0.24 | 0.0% | +179% |
| 170 |  Timor-Leste |
0.67 | 0.5 | 12.1 | · | 0.0% | |
| 171 |  Seychelles |
0.65 | 5.0 | 16.1 | 0.15 | 0.0% | +333% |
| 172 |  Cape Verde |
0.59 | 1.1 | 16.9 | 0.18 | 0.0% | +228% |
| 173 |  Djibouti |
0.56 | 0.5 | 21.1 | 0.30 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 174 |  Comoros |
0.55 | 0.6 | 7.5 | 0.06 | 0.0% | +817% |
| 175 |  Saint Lucia |
0.54 | 3.0 | 16.5 | 0.18 | 0.0% | +200% |
| 176 |  Andorra |
0.42 | 5.2 | 16.7 | 0.40 | 0.0% | +5% |
| 177 |  Central African Republic |
0.39 | 0.1 | 12.3 | 0.18 | 0.0% | +117% |
| 178 |  Grenada |
0.38 | 3.2 | 9.6 | 0.11 | 0.0% | +245% |
| 179 |  Guinea-Bissau |
0.34 | 0.2 | 8.3 | 0.10 | 0.0% | +240% |
| 180 |  Solomon Islands |
0.29 | 0.4 | 11.6 | 0.15 | 0.0% | +93% |
| 181 |  Saint Kitts and Nevis |
0.26 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 0.11 | 0.0% | +136% |
| 182 |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
0.26 | 2.5 | 8.0 | 0.08 | 0.0% | +225% |
| 183 |  Samoa |
0.25 | 1.1 | 7.8 | 0.09 | 0.0% | +178% |
| 184 |  Palau |
0.23 | 12.8 | 7.0 | · | 0.0% | |
| 185 |  Vanuatu |
0.20 | 0.6 | 5.5 | 0.07 | 0.0% | +186% |
| 186 |  Dominica |
0.17 | 2.6 | 5.5 | 0.06 | 0.0% | +183% |
| 187 |  Micronesia |
0.15 | 1.3 | 4.9 | · | 0.0% | |
| 188 |  Marshall Islands |
0.15 | 4.1 | 4.0 | · | 0.0% | |
| 189 |  Tonga |
0.15 | 1.5 | 4.9 | 0.08 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 190 |  São Tomé and Príncipe |
0.14 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 0.05 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 191 |  Liechtenstein |
0.13 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 0.20 | 0.0% | −35% |
| 192 |  Kiribati |
0.07 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 0.02 | 0.0% | +250% |
| 193 |  Nauru |
0.06 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 0.12 | 0.0% | −50% |
| 194 |  Tuvalu |
0.01 | 1.2 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.0% | New |
| # | Country | Per person | Million tonnes | Since 1750 | 1990 | Share of world | Change since 1990 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Qatar |
41.3 | 126 | 2,591 | 11.4 | 0.3% | +1,005% |
| 2 | Kuwait |
26.2 | 130 | 3,398 | 37.9 | 0.3% | +243% |
| 3 | Brunei |
26.0 | 12.1 | 428 | 5.0 | 0.0% | +142% |
| 4 | Bahrain |
24.3 | 39.0 | 1,112 | 11.5 | 0.1% | +239% |
| 5 | Trinidad and Tobago |
22.9 | 34.6 | 1,711 | 17.0 | 0.1% | +104% |
| 6 | Saudi Arabia |
20.4 | 692 | 19,020 | 182 | 1.8% | +280% |
| 7 | United Arab Emirates |
20.1 | 222 | 5,824 | 51.9 | 0.6% | +328% |
| 8 | Oman |
15.7 | 82.7 | 1,673 | 11.3 | 0.2% | +632% |
| 9 | Australia |
14.5 | 387 | 20,040 | 278 | 1.0% | +39% |
| 10 | United States |
14.2 | 4,904 | 434,867 | 5,132 | 12.7% | −4% |
| 11 | Kazakhstan |
13.9 | 287 | 14,937 | 267 | 0.7% | +7% |
| 12 | Canada |
13.4 | 533 | 35,644 | 458 | 1.4% | +16% |
| 13 | Mongolia |
12.9 | 44.7 | 861 | 9.8 | 0.1% | +356% |
| 14 | Palau |
12.8 | 0.23 | 7.0 | · | 0.0% | |
| 15 | Russia |
12.3 | 1,781 | 122,808 | 2,536 | 4.6% | −30% |
| 16 | South Korea |
11.3 | 584 | 20,708 | 251 | 1.5% | +133% |
| 17 | Taiwan |
11.3 | 262 | 10,092 | 124 | 0.7% | +111% |
| 18 | Turkmenistan |
10.8 | 81.0 | 2,742 | 33.4 | 0.2% | +143% |
| 19 | Luxembourg |
10.5 | 7.0 | 783 | 11.8 | 0.0% | −41% |
| 20 | Iceland |
9.7 | 3.8 | 172 | 2.2 | 0.0% | +73% |
| 21 | Singapore |
9.2 | 53.9 | 2,248 | 43.5 | 0.1% | +24% |
| 22 | Libya |
8.8 | 65.3 | 2,490 | 36.5 | 0.2% | +79% |
| 23 | China |
8.7 | 12,289 | 285,087 | 2,484 | 31.8% | +395% |
| 24 | Iran |
8.7 | 793 | 21,811 | 211 | 2.1% | +276% |
| 25 | Malaysia |
8.2 | 290 | 7,042 | 54.3 | 0.8% | +434% |
| 26 | Japan |
7.8 | 962 | 69,612 | 1,155 | 2.5% | −17% |
| 27 | Bahamas |
7.6 | 3.1 | 181 | 2.0 | 0.0% | +55% |
| 28 | Belgium |
7.3 | 85.5 | 12,906 | 120 | 0.2% | −29% |
| 29 | Poland |
7.1 | 273 | 29,044 | 376 | 0.7% | −27% |
| 30 | Antigua and Barbuda |
7.1 | 0.67 | 26.9 | 0.24 | 0.0% | +179% |
| 31 | Czechia |
7.0 | 75.6 | 12,332 | 164 | 0.2% | −54% |
| 32 | South Africa |
6.9 | 440 | 22,827 | 313 | 1.1% | +41% |
| 33 | Germany |
6.8 | 572 | 95,136 | 1,055 | 1.5% | −46% |
| 34 | Norway |
6.7 | 37.2 | 2,787 | 35.0 | 0.1% | +6% |
| 35 | Netherlands |
6.3 | 115 | 12,262 | 163 | 0.3% | −29% |
| 36 | Ireland |
6.3 | 33.3 | 2,366 | 32.9 | 0.1% | +1% |
| 37 | Austria |
6.2 | 56.4 | 5,750 | 62.2 | 0.1% | −9% |
| 38 | Belarus |
6.2 | 55.8 | 5,184 | 108 | 0.1% | −48% |
| 39 | Serbia |
6.2 | 42.0 | 2,925 | 57.5 | 0.1% | −27% |
| 40 | New Zealand |
6.2 | 32.5 | 2,012 | 25.5 | 0.1% | +27% |
| 41 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
6.1 | 19.4 | 1,043 | 19.9 | 0.1% | −3% |
| 42 | Estonia |
6.1 | 8.3 | 1,668 | 36.9 | 0.0% | −78% |
| 43 | Slovenia |
6.0 | 12.8 | 911 | 15.1 | 0.0% | −15% |
| 44 | Turkey |
5.9 | 513 | 12,888 | 155 | 1.3% | +231% |
| 45 | Israel |
5.6 | 52.6 | 2,608 | 35.8 | 0.1% | +47% |
| 46 | Saint Kitts and Nevis |
5.5 | 0.26 | 8.0 | 0.11 | 0.0% | +136% |
| 47 | Cyprus |
5.4 | 7.3 | 322 | 4.6 | 0.0% | +59% |
| 48 | Guyana |
5.4 | 4.5 | 117 | 1.1 | 0.0% | +309% |
| 49 | Greece |
5.3 | 53.4 | 4,297 | 83.4 | 0.1% | −36% |
| 50 | Finland |
5.3 | 29.8 | 3,325 | 56.9 | 0.1% | −48% |
| 51 | Slovakia |
5.3 | 29.1 | 4,028 | 61.5 | 0.1% | −53% |
| 52 | Andorra |
5.2 | 0.42 | 16.7 | 0.40 | 0.0% | +5% |
| 53 | Italy |
5.1 | 302 | 26,006 | 438 | 0.8% | −31% |
| 54 | Iraq |
5.1 | 234 | 5,351 | 49.7 | 0.6% | +371% |
| 55 | Nauru |
5.1 | 0.06 | 5.1 | 0.12 | 0.0% | −50% |
| 56 | Seychelles |
5.0 | 0.65 | 16.1 | 0.15 | 0.0% | +333% |
| 57 | Croatia |
4.8 | 18.5 | 1,185 | 22.9 | 0.0% | −19% |
| 58 | Kosovo |
4.8 | 8.0 | 188 | · | 0.0% | |
| 59 | Barbados |
4.8 | 1.4 | 63.9 | 1.0 | 0.0% | +40% |
| 60 | Bulgaria |
4.7 | 31.6 | 3,984 | 76.6 | 0.1% | −59% |
| 61 | Denmark |
4.7 | 28.4 | 4,200 | 53.5 | 0.1% | −47% |
| 62 | Suriname |
4.7 | 3.0 | 129 | 1.7 | 0.0% | +76% |
| 63 | Spain |
4.6 | 220 | 15,700 | 229 | 0.6% | −4% |
| 64 | United Kingdom |
4.5 | 313 | 80,079 | 602 | 0.8% | −48% |
| 65 | Lithuania |
4.4 | 12.5 | 1,610 | 35.7 | 0.0% | −65% |
| 66 | Maldives |
4.4 | 2.3 | 33.7 | 0.17 | 0.0% | +1,253% |
| 67 | Algeria |
4.2 | 198 | 5,477 | 75.9 | 0.5% | +161% |
| 68 | Venezuela |
4.1 | 116 | 7,886 | 121 | 0.3% | −4% |
| 69 | Hungary |
4.1 | 40.0 | 5,184 | 73.4 | 0.1% | −46% |
| 70 | Marshall Islands |
4.1 | 0.15 | 4.0 | · | 0.0% | |
| 71 | France |
4.0 | 264 | 40,048 | 395 | 0.7% | −33% |
| 72 | Chile |
4.0 | 78.7 | 3,325 | 32.9 | 0.2% | +139% |
| 73 | Azerbaijan |
3.9 | 39.8 | 2,637 | 51.3 | 0.1% | −22% |
| 74 | Ukraine |
3.8 | 142 | 31,236 | 707 | 0.4% | −80% |
| 75 | Uzbekistan |
3.8 | 139 | 6,751 | 103 | 0.4% | +35% |
| 76 | Vietnam |
3.7 | 371 | 5,669 | 21.3 | 1.0% | +1,642% |
| 77 | Thailand |
3.7 | 268 | 8,308 | 86.6 | 0.7% | +209% |
| 78 | Argentina |
3.7 | 171 | 9,152 | 112 | 0.4% | +53% |
| 79 | Equatorial Guinea |
3.7 | 7.0 | 163 | 0.06 | 0.0% | +11,567% |
| 80 | Mauritius |
3.7 | 4.7 | 133 | 1.5 | 0.0% | +213% |
| 81 | Montenegro |
3.7 | 2.4 | 122 | 2.2 | 0.0% | +9% |
| 82 | Romania |
3.6 | 68.6 | 8,862 | 177 | 0.2% | −61% |
| 83 | Sweden |
3.6 | 38.1 | 5,135 | 57.4 | 0.1% | −34% |
| 84 | Switzerland |
3.6 | 32.1 | 3,158 | 44.1 | 0.1% | −27% |
| 85 | North Macedonia |
3.6 | 6.6 | 538 | 11.1 | 0.0% | −41% |
| 86 | Mexico |
3.5 | 461 | 22,016 | 317 | 1.2% | +45% |
| 87 | Latvia |
3.5 | 6.5 | 981 | 19.7 | 0.0% | −67% |
| 88 | Portugal |
3.4 | 35.5 | 2,768 | 45.3 | 0.1% | −22% |
| 89 | Liechtenstein |
3.3 | 0.13 | 10.0 | 0.20 | 0.0% | −35% |
| 90 | Malta |
3.2 | 1.7 | 111 | 2.4 | 0.0% | −29% |
| 91 | Grenada |
3.2 | 0.38 | 9.6 | 0.11 | 0.0% | +245% |
| 92 | Laos |
3.1 | 24.4 | 243 | 0.51 | 0.1% | +4,684% |
| 93 | Georgia |
3.1 | 11.8 | 662 | 14.9 | 0.0% | −21% |
| 94 | Jamaica |
3.0 | 8.4 | 485 | 7.5 | 0.0% | +12% |
| 95 | Botswana |
3.0 | 7.5 | 184 | 2.7 | 0.0% | +178% |
| 96 | Saint Lucia |
3.0 | 0.54 | 16.5 | 0.18 | 0.0% | +200% |
| 97 | Indonesia |
2.9 | 812 | 17,420 | 155 | 2.1% | +424% |
| 98 | Dominican Republic |
2.9 | 33.1 | 869 | 8.9 | 0.1% | +272% |
| 99 | Panama |
2.8 | 12.7 | 360 | 2.6 | 0.0% | +388% |
| 100 | Tunisia |
2.7 | 32.7 | 1,066 | 14.6 | 0.1% | +124% |
| 101 | Lebanon |
2.7 | 15.6 | 795 | 7.9 | 0.0% | +97% |
| 102 | Dominica |
2.6 | 0.17 | 5.5 | 0.06 | 0.0% | +183% |
| 103 | Ecuador |
2.5 | 46.0 | 1,391 | 16.5 | 0.1% | +179% |
| 104 | Armenia |
2.5 | 7.4 | 407 | 9.0 | 0.0% | −18% |
| 105 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
2.5 | 0.26 | 8.0 | 0.08 | 0.0% | +225% |
| 106 | North Korea |
2.4 | 62.6 | 5,493 | 118 | 0.2% | −47% |
| 107 | Uruguay |
2.4 | 8.0 | 477 | 4.0 | 0.0% | +100% |
| 108 | Brazil |
2.3 | 483 | 18,199 | 219 | 1.3% | +121% |
| 109 | Bolivia |
2.3 | 28.7 | 641 | 10.0 | 0.1% | +187% |
| 110 | India |
2.2 | 3,193 | 66,073 | 578 | 8.3% | +452% |
| 111 | Egypt |
2.2 | 258 | 7,471 | 72.9 | 0.7% | +254% |
| 112 | Cuba |
2.2 | 24.4 | 1,814 | 29.6 | 0.1% | −18% |
| 113 | Peru |
2.1 | 70.2 | 2,162 | 21.4 | 0.2% | +228% |
| 114 | Gabon |
2.1 | 5.4 | 307 | 4.5 | 0.0% | +20% |
| 115 | Bhutan |
2.1 | 1.7 | 29.8 | 0.19 | 0.0% | +795% |
| 116 | Jordan |
2.0 | 23.2 | 793 | 10.6 | 0.1% | +119% |
| 117 | Belize |
1.9 | 0.80 | 22.5 | 0.31 | 0.0% | +158% |
| 118 | Colombia |
1.8 | 92.7 | 3,802 | 56.9 | 0.2% | +63% |
| 119 | Morocco |
1.8 | 69.1 | 2,016 | 22.3 | 0.2% | +210% |
| 120 | Moldova |
1.8 | 5.3 | 1,358 | 36.5 | 0.0% | −85% |
| 121 | Costa Rica |
1.7 | 8.8 | 286 | 2.9 | 0.0% | +203% |
| 122 | Kyrgyzstan |
1.6 | 11.8 | 883 | 19.2 | 0.0% | −39% |
| 123 | Albania |
1.6 | 4.4 | 308 | 5.5 | 0.0% | −20% |
| 124 | Fiji |
1.6 | 1.4 | 54.1 | 0.80 | 0.0% | +75% |
| 125 | Philippines |
1.5 | 175 | 3,984 | 40.8 | 0.5% | +329% |
| 126 | Tonga |
1.5 | 0.15 | 4.9 | 0.08 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 127 | El Salvador |
1.4 | 9.0 | 265 | 2.5 | 0.0% | +260% |
| 128 | Republic of the Congo |
1.4 | 8.8 | 191 | 1.0 | 0.0% | +780% |
| 129 | Syria |
1.3 | 31.8 | 2,056 | 37.3 | 0.1% | −15% |
| 130 | Micronesia |
1.3 | 0.15 | 4.9 | · | 0.0% | |
| 131 | Cambodia |
1.2 | 21.9 | 252 | 1.3 | 0.1% | +1,585% |
| 132 | Honduras |
1.2 | 12.9 | 310 | 2.5 | 0.0% | +416% |
| 133 | Tuvalu |
1.2 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.0% | New |
| 134 | Guatemala |
1.1 | 19.9 | 516 | 4.7 | 0.1% | +323% |
| 135 | Paraguay |
1.1 | 7.9 | 209 | 2.1 | 0.0% | +276% |
| 136 | Namibia |
1.1 | 3.5 | 87.2 | · | 0.0% | |
| 137 | Lesotho |
1.1 | 2.6 | 72.3 | 1.5 | 0.0% | +73% |
| 138 | Cape Verde |
1.1 | 0.59 | 16.9 | 0.18 | 0.0% | +228% |
| 139 | Samoa |
1.1 | 0.25 | 7.8 | 0.09 | 0.0% | +178% |
| 140 | Tajikistan |
1.0 | 10.7 | 518 | 12.3 | 0.0% | −13% |
| 141 | Mauritania |
1.0 | 5.2 | 99.9 | 0.85 | 0.0% | +512% |
| 142 | Sri Lanka |
0.9 | 20.8 | 568 | 3.8 | 0.1% | +447% |
| 143 | Palestine |
0.9 | 4.8 | 78.0 | 0.86 | 0.0% | +458% |
| 144 | Senegal |
0.8 | 14.1 | 301 | 2.9 | 0.0% | +386% |
| 145 | Zimbabwe |
0.8 | 13.7 | 833 | 15.5 | 0.0% | −12% |
| 146 | Papua New Guinea |
0.8 | 8.3 | 210 | 2.2 | 0.0% | +277% |
| 147 | Nicaragua |
0.8 | 5.6 | 198 | 2.0 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 148 | Eswatini |
0.8 | 1.0 | 44.6 | 0.96 | 0.0% | +4% |
| 149 | Pakistan |
0.7 | 180 | 5,740 | 67.8 | 0.5% | +165% |
| 150 | Nigeria |
0.6 | 136 | 4,711 | 38.8 | 0.4% | +251% |
| 151 | Bangladesh |
0.6 | 108 | 2,001 | 14.1 | 0.3% | +666% |
| 152 | Myanmar |
0.6 | 31.6 | 728 | 4.2 | 0.1% | +652% |
| 153 | Angola |
0.6 | 22.3 | 740 | 5.1 | 0.1% | +337% |
| 154 | Ghana |
0.6 | 21.0 | 427 | 3.5 | 0.1% | +500% |
| 155 | Nepal |
0.6 | 18.8 | 232 | 0.72 | 0.0% | +2,511% |
| 156 | Zambia |
0.6 | 12.0 | 301 | 2.4 | 0.0% | +400% |
| 157 | Comoros |
0.6 | 0.55 | 7.5 | 0.06 | 0.0% | +817% |
| 158 | Vanuatu |
0.6 | 0.20 | 5.5 | 0.07 | 0.0% | +186% |
| 159 | São Tomé and Príncipe |
0.6 | 0.14 | 4.0 | 0.05 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 160 | Côte d'Ivoire |
0.5 | 14.8 | 400 | 4.8 | 0.0% | +208% |
| 161 | Timor-Leste |
0.5 | 0.67 | 12.1 | · | 0.0% | |
| 162 | Djibouti |
0.5 | 0.56 | 21.1 | 0.30 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 163 | Kiribati |
0.5 | 0.07 | 2.3 | 0.02 | 0.0% | +250% |
| 164 | Kenya |
0.4 | 21.2 | 551 | 5.8 | 0.1% | +266% |
| 165 | Sudan |
0.4 | 17.8 | 517 | 4.8 | 0.0% | +271% |
| 166 | Benin |
0.4 | 6.1 | 128 | 0.58 | 0.0% | +952% |
| 167 | Solomon Islands |
0.4 | 0.29 | 11.6 | 0.15 | 0.0% | +93% |
| 168 | Tanzania |
0.3 | 20.0 | 345 | 2.1 | 0.1% | +852% |
| 169 | Afghanistan |
0.3 | 10.8 | 243 | 2.0 | 0.0% | +440% |
| 170 | Cameroon |
0.3 | 9.6 | 309 | 2.6 | 0.0% | +269% |
| 171 | Mali |
0.3 | 7.0 | 100 | 0.42 | 0.0% | +1,567% |
| 172 | Burkina Faso |
0.3 | 6.5 | 95.8 | 0.59 | 0.0% | +1,002% |
| 173 | Guinea |
0.3 | 4.0 | 106 | 0.97 | 0.0% | +312% |
| 174 | Haiti |
0.3 | 3.0 | 88.8 | 0.99 | 0.0% | +203% |
| 175 | Togo |
0.3 | 2.8 | 76.6 | 0.98 | 0.0% | +186% |
| 176 | Gambia |
0.3 | 0.80 | 17.7 | 0.20 | 0.0% | +300% |
| 177 | Yemen |
0.2 | 10.1 | 708 | 9.6 | 0.0% | +5% |
| 178 | Mozambique |
0.2 | 8.6 | 211 | 1.0 | 0.0% | +760% |
| 179 | Sierra Leone |
0.2 | 1.4 | 42.6 | 0.50 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 180 | Liberia |
0.2 | 0.86 | 52.5 | 0.46 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 181 | Eritrea |
0.2 | 0.74 | 19.1 | · | 0.0% | |
| 182 | Guinea-Bissau |
0.2 | 0.34 | 8.3 | 0.10 | 0.0% | +240% |
| 183 | Ethiopia |
0.1 | 17.8 | 330 | 3.0 | 0.0% | +493% |
| 184 | Uganda |
0.1 | 6.3 | 131 | 0.76 | 0.0% | +729% |
| 185 | DR Congo |
0.1 | 5.9 | 239 | 4.2 | 0.0% | +40% |
| 186 | Madagascar |
0.1 | 4.5 | 113 | 0.94 | 0.0% | +379% |
| 187 | Niger |
0.1 | 3.2 | 61.5 | 0.60 | 0.0% | +433% |
| 188 | Chad |
0.1 | 2.8 | 51.3 | 0.38 | 0.0% | +637% |
| 189 | Rwanda |
0.1 | 2.0 | 37.3 | 0.52 | 0.0% | +285% |
| 190 | Malawi |
0.1 | 1.9 | 57.6 | 0.74 | 0.0% | +157% |
| 191 | South Sudan |
0.1 | 1.7 | 45.5 | 0.42 | 0.0% | +305% |
| 192 | Somalia |
0.1 | 1.3 | 41.9 | 0.78 | 0.0% | +67% |
| 193 | Burundi |
0.1 | 0.92 | 16.7 | 0.21 | 0.0% | +338% |
| 194 | Central African Republic |
0.1 | 0.39 | 12.3 | 0.18 | 0.0% | +117% |
| # | Country | Since 1750 | Million tonnes | Per person | 1990 | Share of world | Change since 1990 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States |
434,867 | 4,904 | 14.2 | 5,132 | 12.7% | −4% |
| 2 | China |
285,087 | 12,289 | 8.7 | 2,484 | 31.8% | +395% |
| 3 | Russia |
122,808 | 1,781 | 12.3 | 2,536 | 4.6% | −30% |
| 4 | Germany |
95,136 | 572 | 6.8 | 1,055 | 1.5% | −46% |
| 5 | United Kingdom |
80,079 | 313 | 4.5 | 602 | 0.8% | −48% |
| 6 | Japan |
69,612 | 962 | 7.8 | 1,155 | 2.5% | −17% |
| 7 | India |
66,073 | 3,193 | 2.2 | 578 | 8.3% | +452% |
| 8 | France |
40,048 | 264 | 4.0 | 395 | 0.7% | −33% |
| 9 | Canada |
35,644 | 533 | 13.4 | 458 | 1.4% | +16% |
| 10 | Ukraine |
31,236 | 142 | 3.8 | 707 | 0.4% | −80% |
| 11 | Poland |
29,044 | 273 | 7.1 | 376 | 0.7% | −27% |
| 12 | Italy |
26,006 | 302 | 5.1 | 438 | 0.8% | −31% |
| 13 | South Africa |
22,827 | 440 | 6.9 | 313 | 1.1% | +41% |
| 14 | Mexico |
22,016 | 461 | 3.5 | 317 | 1.2% | +45% |
| 15 | Iran |
21,811 | 793 | 8.7 | 211 | 2.1% | +276% |
| 16 | South Korea |
20,708 | 584 | 11.3 | 251 | 1.5% | +133% |
| 17 | Australia |
20,040 | 387 | 14.5 | 278 | 1.0% | +39% |
| 18 | Saudi Arabia |
19,020 | 692 | 20.4 | 182 | 1.8% | +280% |
| 19 | Brazil |
18,199 | 483 | 2.3 | 219 | 1.3% | +121% |
| 20 | Indonesia |
17,420 | 812 | 2.9 | 155 | 2.1% | +424% |
| 21 | Spain |
15,700 | 220 | 4.6 | 229 | 0.6% | −4% |
| 22 | Kazakhstan |
14,937 | 287 | 13.9 | 267 | 0.7% | +7% |
| 23 | Belgium |
12,906 | 85.5 | 7.3 | 120 | 0.2% | −29% |
| 24 | Turkey |
12,888 | 513 | 5.9 | 155 | 1.3% | +231% |
| 25 | Czechia |
12,332 | 75.6 | 7.0 | 164 | 0.2% | −54% |
| 26 | Netherlands |
12,262 | 115 | 6.3 | 163 | 0.3% | −29% |
| 27 | Taiwan |
10,092 | 262 | 11.3 | 124 | 0.7% | +111% |
| 28 | Argentina |
9,152 | 171 | 3.7 | 112 | 0.4% | +53% |
| 29 | Romania |
8,862 | 68.6 | 3.6 | 177 | 0.2% | −61% |
| 30 | Thailand |
8,308 | 268 | 3.7 | 86.6 | 0.7% | +209% |
| 31 | Venezuela |
7,886 | 116 | 4.1 | 121 | 0.3% | −4% |
| 32 | Egypt |
7,471 | 258 | 2.2 | 72.9 | 0.7% | +254% |
| 33 | Malaysia |
7,042 | 290 | 8.2 | 54.3 | 0.8% | +434% |
| 34 | Uzbekistan |
6,751 | 139 | 3.8 | 103 | 0.4% | +35% |
| 35 | United Arab Emirates |
5,824 | 222 | 20.1 | 51.9 | 0.6% | +328% |
| 36 | Austria |
5,750 | 56.4 | 6.2 | 62.2 | 0.1% | −9% |
| 37 | Pakistan |
5,740 | 180 | 0.7 | 67.8 | 0.5% | +165% |
| 38 | Vietnam |
5,669 | 371 | 3.7 | 21.3 | 1.0% | +1,642% |
| 39 | North Korea |
5,493 | 62.6 | 2.4 | 118 | 0.2% | −47% |
| 40 | Algeria |
5,477 | 198 | 4.2 | 75.9 | 0.5% | +161% |
| 41 | Iraq |
5,351 | 234 | 5.1 | 49.7 | 0.6% | +371% |
| 42 | Belarus |
5,184 | 55.8 | 6.2 | 108 | 0.1% | −48% |
| 43 | Hungary |
5,184 | 40.0 | 4.1 | 73.4 | 0.1% | −46% |
| 44 | Sweden |
5,135 | 38.1 | 3.6 | 57.4 | 0.1% | −34% |
| 45 | Nigeria |
4,711 | 136 | 0.6 | 38.8 | 0.4% | +251% |
| 46 | Greece |
4,297 | 53.4 | 5.3 | 83.4 | 0.1% | −36% |
| 47 | Denmark |
4,200 | 28.4 | 4.7 | 53.5 | 0.1% | −47% |
| 48 | Slovakia |
4,028 | 29.1 | 5.3 | 61.5 | 0.1% | −53% |
| 49 | Philippines |
3,984 | 175 | 1.5 | 40.8 | 0.5% | +329% |
| 50 | Bulgaria |
3,984 | 31.6 | 4.7 | 76.6 | 0.1% | −59% |
| 51 | Colombia |
3,802 | 92.7 | 1.8 | 56.9 | 0.2% | +63% |
| 52 | Kuwait |
3,398 | 130 | 26.2 | 37.9 | 0.3% | +243% |
| 53 | Chile |
3,325 | 78.7 | 4.0 | 32.9 | 0.2% | +139% |
| 54 | Finland |
3,325 | 29.8 | 5.3 | 56.9 | 0.1% | −48% |
| 55 | Switzerland |
3,158 | 32.1 | 3.6 | 44.1 | 0.1% | −27% |
| 56 | Serbia |
2,925 | 42.0 | 6.2 | 57.5 | 0.1% | −27% |
| 57 | Norway |
2,787 | 37.2 | 6.7 | 35.0 | 0.1% | +6% |
| 58 | Portugal |
2,768 | 35.5 | 3.4 | 45.3 | 0.1% | −22% |
| 59 | Turkmenistan |
2,742 | 81.0 | 10.8 | 33.4 | 0.2% | +143% |
| 60 | Azerbaijan |
2,637 | 39.8 | 3.9 | 51.3 | 0.1% | −22% |
| 61 | Israel |
2,608 | 52.6 | 5.6 | 35.8 | 0.1% | +47% |
| 62 | Qatar |
2,591 | 126 | 41.3 | 11.4 | 0.3% | +1,005% |
| 63 | Libya |
2,490 | 65.3 | 8.8 | 36.5 | 0.2% | +79% |
| 64 | Ireland |
2,366 | 33.3 | 6.3 | 32.9 | 0.1% | +1% |
| 65 | Singapore |
2,248 | 53.9 | 9.2 | 43.5 | 0.1% | +24% |
| 66 | Peru |
2,162 | 70.2 | 2.1 | 21.4 | 0.2% | +228% |
| 67 | Syria |
2,056 | 31.8 | 1.3 | 37.3 | 0.1% | −15% |
| 68 | Morocco |
2,016 | 69.1 | 1.8 | 22.3 | 0.2% | +210% |
| 69 | New Zealand |
2,012 | 32.5 | 6.2 | 25.5 | 0.1% | +27% |
| 70 | Bangladesh |
2,001 | 108 | 0.6 | 14.1 | 0.3% | +666% |
| 71 | Cuba |
1,814 | 24.4 | 2.2 | 29.6 | 0.1% | −18% |
| 72 | Trinidad and Tobago |
1,711 | 34.6 | 22.9 | 17.0 | 0.1% | +104% |
| 73 | Oman |
1,673 | 82.7 | 15.7 | 11.3 | 0.2% | +632% |
| 74 | Estonia |
1,668 | 8.3 | 6.1 | 36.9 | 0.0% | −78% |
| 75 | Lithuania |
1,610 | 12.5 | 4.4 | 35.7 | 0.0% | −65% |
| 76 | Ecuador |
1,391 | 46.0 | 2.5 | 16.5 | 0.1% | +179% |
| 77 | Moldova |
1,358 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 36.5 | 0.0% | −85% |
| 78 | Croatia |
1,185 | 18.5 | 4.8 | 22.9 | 0.0% | −19% |
| 79 | Bahrain |
1,112 | 39.0 | 24.3 | 11.5 | 0.1% | +239% |
| 80 | Tunisia |
1,066 | 32.7 | 2.7 | 14.6 | 0.1% | +124% |
| 81 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1,043 | 19.4 | 6.1 | 19.9 | 0.1% | −3% |
| 82 | Latvia |
981 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 19.7 | 0.0% | −67% |
| 83 | Slovenia |
911 | 12.8 | 6.0 | 15.1 | 0.0% | −15% |
| 84 | Kyrgyzstan |
883 | 11.8 | 1.6 | 19.2 | 0.0% | −39% |
| 85 | Dominican Republic |
869 | 33.1 | 2.9 | 8.9 | 0.1% | +272% |
| 86 | Mongolia |
861 | 44.7 | 12.9 | 9.8 | 0.1% | +356% |
| 87 | Zimbabwe |
833 | 13.7 | 0.8 | 15.5 | 0.0% | −12% |
| 88 | Lebanon |
795 | 15.6 | 2.7 | 7.9 | 0.0% | +97% |
| 89 | Jordan |
793 | 23.2 | 2.0 | 10.6 | 0.1% | +119% |
| 90 | Luxembourg |
783 | 7.0 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 0.0% | −41% |
| 91 | Angola |
740 | 22.3 | 0.6 | 5.1 | 0.1% | +337% |
| 92 | Myanmar |
728 | 31.6 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 0.1% | +652% |
| 93 | Yemen |
708 | 10.1 | 0.2 | 9.6 | 0.0% | +5% |
| 94 | Georgia |
662 | 11.8 | 3.1 | 14.9 | 0.0% | −21% |
| 95 | Bolivia |
641 | 28.7 | 2.3 | 10.0 | 0.1% | +187% |
| 96 | Sri Lanka |
568 | 20.8 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 0.1% | +447% |
| 97 | Kenya |
551 | 21.2 | 0.4 | 5.8 | 0.1% | +266% |
| 98 | North Macedonia |
538 | 6.6 | 3.6 | 11.1 | 0.0% | −41% |
| 99 | Tajikistan |
518 | 10.7 | 1.0 | 12.3 | 0.0% | −13% |
| 100 | Sudan |
517 | 17.8 | 0.4 | 4.8 | 0.0% | +271% |
| 101 | Guatemala |
516 | 19.9 | 1.1 | 4.7 | 0.1% | +323% |
| 102 | Jamaica |
485 | 8.4 | 3.0 | 7.5 | 0.0% | +12% |
| 103 | Uruguay |
477 | 8.0 | 2.4 | 4.0 | 0.0% | +100% |
| 104 | Brunei |
428 | 12.1 | 26.0 | 5.0 | 0.0% | +142% |
| 105 | Ghana |
427 | 21.0 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 0.1% | +500% |
| 106 | Armenia |
407 | 7.4 | 2.5 | 9.0 | 0.0% | −18% |
| 107 | Côte d'Ivoire |
400 | 14.8 | 0.5 | 4.8 | 0.0% | +208% |
| 108 | Panama |
360 | 12.7 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 0.0% | +388% |
| 109 | Tanzania |
345 | 20.0 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.1% | +852% |
| 110 | Ethiopia |
330 | 17.8 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 0.0% | +493% |
| 111 | Cyprus |
322 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 0.0% | +59% |
| 112 | Honduras |
310 | 12.9 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 0.0% | +416% |
| 113 | Cameroon |
309 | 9.6 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 0.0% | +269% |
| 114 | Albania |
308 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 5.5 | 0.0% | −20% |
| 115 | Gabon |
307 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 4.5 | 0.0% | +20% |
| 116 | Senegal |
301 | 14.1 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.0% | +386% |
| 117 | Zambia |
301 | 12.0 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 0.0% | +400% |
| 118 | Costa Rica |
286 | 8.8 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 0.0% | +203% |
| 119 | El Salvador |
265 | 9.0 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 0.0% | +260% |
| 120 | Cambodia |
252 | 21.9 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.1% | +1,585% |
| 121 | Laos |
243 | 24.4 | 3.1 | 0.51 | 0.1% | +4,684% |
| 122 | Afghanistan |
243 | 10.8 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 0.0% | +440% |
| 123 | DR Congo |
239 | 5.9 | 0.1 | 4.2 | 0.0% | +40% |
| 124 | Nepal |
232 | 18.8 | 0.6 | 0.72 | 0.0% | +2,511% |
| 125 | Mozambique |
211 | 8.6 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.0% | +760% |
| 126 | Papua New Guinea |
210 | 8.3 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.0% | +277% |
| 127 | Paraguay |
209 | 7.9 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 0.0% | +276% |
| 128 | Nicaragua |
198 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 129 | Republic of the Congo |
191 | 8.8 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.0% | +780% |
| 130 | Kosovo |
188 | 8.0 | 4.8 | · | 0.0% | |
| 131 | Botswana |
184 | 7.5 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 0.0% | +178% |
| 132 | Bahamas |
181 | 3.1 | 7.6 | 2.0 | 0.0% | +55% |
| 133 | Iceland |
172 | 3.8 | 9.7 | 2.2 | 0.0% | +73% |
| 134 | Equatorial Guinea |
163 | 7.0 | 3.7 | 0.06 | 0.0% | +11,567% |
| 135 | Mauritius |
133 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 0.0% | +213% |
| 136 | Uganda |
131 | 6.3 | 0.1 | 0.76 | 0.0% | +729% |
| 137 | Suriname |
129 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 1.7 | 0.0% | +76% |
| 138 | Benin |
128 | 6.1 | 0.4 | 0.58 | 0.0% | +952% |
| 139 | Montenegro |
122 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 2.2 | 0.0% | +9% |
| 140 | Guyana |
117 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 0.0% | +309% |
| 141 | Madagascar |
113 | 4.5 | 0.1 | 0.94 | 0.0% | +379% |
| 142 | Malta |
111 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 0.0% | −29% |
| 143 | Guinea |
106 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 0.97 | 0.0% | +312% |
| 144 | Mali |
100 | 7.0 | 0.3 | 0.42 | 0.0% | +1,567% |
| 145 | Mauritania |
99.9 | 5.2 | 1.0 | 0.85 | 0.0% | +512% |
| 146 | Burkina Faso |
95.8 | 6.5 | 0.3 | 0.59 | 0.0% | +1,002% |
| 147 | Haiti |
88.8 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 0.99 | 0.0% | +203% |
| 148 | Namibia |
87.2 | 3.5 | 1.1 | · | 0.0% | |
| 149 | Palestine |
78.0 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 0.86 | 0.0% | +458% |
| 150 | Togo |
76.6 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.98 | 0.0% | +186% |
| 151 | Lesotho |
72.3 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.0% | +73% |
| 152 | Barbados |
63.9 | 1.4 | 4.8 | 1.0 | 0.0% | +40% |
| 153 | Niger |
61.5 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 0.60 | 0.0% | +433% |
| 154 | Malawi |
57.6 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 0.74 | 0.0% | +157% |
| 155 | Fiji |
54.1 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.80 | 0.0% | +75% |
| 156 | Liberia |
52.5 | 0.86 | 0.2 | 0.46 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 157 | Chad |
51.3 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 0.38 | 0.0% | +637% |
| 158 | South Sudan |
45.5 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.42 | 0.0% | +305% |
| 159 | Eswatini |
44.6 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.96 | 0.0% | +4% |
| 160 | Sierra Leone |
42.6 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.50 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 161 | Somalia |
41.9 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.78 | 0.0% | +67% |
| 162 | Rwanda |
37.3 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 0.52 | 0.0% | +285% |
| 163 | Maldives |
33.7 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 0.17 | 0.0% | +1,253% |
| 164 | Bhutan |
29.8 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 0.19 | 0.0% | +795% |
| 165 | Antigua and Barbuda |
26.9 | 0.67 | 7.1 | 0.24 | 0.0% | +179% |
| 166 | Belize |
22.5 | 0.80 | 1.9 | 0.31 | 0.0% | +158% |
| 167 | Djibouti |
21.1 | 0.56 | 0.5 | 0.30 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 168 | Eritrea |
19.1 | 0.74 | 0.2 | · | 0.0% | |
| 169 | Gambia |
17.7 | 0.80 | 0.3 | 0.20 | 0.0% | +300% |
| 170 | Cape Verde |
16.9 | 0.59 | 1.1 | 0.18 | 0.0% | +228% |
| 171 | Burundi |
16.7 | 0.92 | 0.1 | 0.21 | 0.0% | +338% |
| 172 | Andorra |
16.7 | 0.42 | 5.2 | 0.40 | 0.0% | +5% |
| 173 | Saint Lucia |
16.5 | 0.54 | 3.0 | 0.18 | 0.0% | +200% |
| 174 | Seychelles |
16.1 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 0.15 | 0.0% | +333% |
| 175 | Central African Republic |
12.3 | 0.39 | 0.1 | 0.18 | 0.0% | +117% |
| 176 | Timor-Leste |
12.1 | 0.67 | 0.5 | · | 0.0% | |
| 177 | Solomon Islands |
11.6 | 0.29 | 0.4 | 0.15 | 0.0% | +93% |
| 178 | Liechtenstein |
10.0 | 0.13 | 3.3 | 0.20 | 0.0% | −35% |
| 179 | Grenada |
9.6 | 0.38 | 3.2 | 0.11 | 0.0% | +245% |
| 180 | Guinea-Bissau |
8.3 | 0.34 | 0.2 | 0.10 | 0.0% | +240% |
| 181 | Saint Kitts and Nevis |
8.0 | 0.26 | 5.5 | 0.11 | 0.0% | +136% |
| 182 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
8.0 | 0.26 | 2.5 | 0.08 | 0.0% | +225% |
| 183 | Samoa |
7.8 | 0.25 | 1.1 | 0.09 | 0.0% | +178% |
| 184 | Comoros |
7.5 | 0.55 | 0.6 | 0.06 | 0.0% | +817% |
| 185 | Palau |
7.0 | 0.23 | 12.8 | · | 0.0% | |
| 186 | Vanuatu |
5.5 | 0.20 | 0.6 | 0.07 | 0.0% | +186% |
| 187 | Dominica |
5.5 | 0.17 | 2.6 | 0.06 | 0.0% | +183% |
| 188 | Nauru |
5.1 | 0.06 | 5.1 | 0.12 | 0.0% | −50% |
| 189 | Micronesia |
4.9 | 0.15 | 1.3 | · | 0.0% | |
| 190 | Tonga |
4.9 | 0.15 | 1.5 | 0.08 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 191 | Marshall Islands |
4.0 | 0.15 | 4.1 | · | 0.0% | |
| 192 | São Tomé and Príncipe |
4.0 | 0.14 | 0.6 | 0.05 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 193 | Kiribati |
2.3 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.0% | +250% |
| 194 | Tuvalu |
0.30 | 0.01 | 1.2 | 0.00 | 0.0% | New |
| # | Country | 1990 | Million tonnes | Per person | Since 1750 | Share of world | Change since 1990 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States |
5,132 | 4,904 | 14.2 | 434,867 | 12.7% | −4% |
| 2 | Russia |
2,536 | 1,781 | 12.3 | 122,808 | 4.6% | −30% |
| 3 | China |
2,484 | 12,289 | 8.7 | 285,087 | 31.8% | +395% |
| 4 | Japan |
1,155 | 962 | 7.8 | 69,612 | 2.5% | −17% |
| 5 | Germany |
1,055 | 572 | 6.8 | 95,136 | 1.5% | −46% |
| 6 | Ukraine |
707 | 142 | 3.8 | 31,236 | 0.4% | −80% |
| 7 | United Kingdom |
602 | 313 | 4.5 | 80,079 | 0.8% | −48% |
| 8 | India |
578 | 3,193 | 2.2 | 66,073 | 8.3% | +452% |
| 9 | Canada |
458 | 533 | 13.4 | 35,644 | 1.4% | +16% |
| 10 | Italy |
438 | 302 | 5.1 | 26,006 | 0.8% | −31% |
| 11 | France |
395 | 264 | 4.0 | 40,048 | 0.7% | −33% |
| 12 | Poland |
376 | 273 | 7.1 | 29,044 | 0.7% | −27% |
| 13 | Mexico |
317 | 461 | 3.5 | 22,016 | 1.2% | +45% |
| 14 | South Africa |
313 | 440 | 6.9 | 22,827 | 1.1% | +41% |
| 15 | Australia |
278 | 387 | 14.5 | 20,040 | 1.0% | +39% |
| 16 | Kazakhstan |
267 | 287 | 13.9 | 14,937 | 0.7% | +7% |
| 17 | South Korea |
251 | 584 | 11.3 | 20,708 | 1.5% | +133% |
| 18 | Spain |
229 | 220 | 4.6 | 15,700 | 0.6% | −4% |
| 19 | Brazil |
219 | 483 | 2.3 | 18,199 | 1.3% | +121% |
| 20 | Iran |
211 | 793 | 8.7 | 21,811 | 2.1% | +276% |
| 21 | Saudi Arabia |
182 | 692 | 20.4 | 19,020 | 1.8% | +280% |
| 22 | Romania |
177 | 68.6 | 3.6 | 8,862 | 0.2% | −61% |
| 23 | Czechia |
164 | 75.6 | 7.0 | 12,332 | 0.2% | −54% |
| 24 | Netherlands |
163 | 115 | 6.3 | 12,262 | 0.3% | −29% |
| 25 | Indonesia |
155 | 812 | 2.9 | 17,420 | 2.1% | +424% |
| 26 | Turkey |
155 | 513 | 5.9 | 12,888 | 1.3% | +231% |
| 27 | Taiwan |
124 | 262 | 11.3 | 10,092 | 0.7% | +111% |
| 28 | Venezuela |
121 | 116 | 4.1 | 7,886 | 0.3% | −4% |
| 29 | Belgium |
120 | 85.5 | 7.3 | 12,906 | 0.2% | −29% |
| 30 | North Korea |
118 | 62.6 | 2.4 | 5,493 | 0.2% | −47% |
| 31 | Argentina |
112 | 171 | 3.7 | 9,152 | 0.4% | +53% |
| 32 | Belarus |
108 | 55.8 | 6.2 | 5,184 | 0.1% | −48% |
| 33 | Uzbekistan |
103 | 139 | 3.8 | 6,751 | 0.4% | +35% |
| 34 | Thailand |
86.6 | 268 | 3.7 | 8,308 | 0.7% | +209% |
| 35 | Greece |
83.4 | 53.4 | 5.3 | 4,297 | 0.1% | −36% |
| 36 | Bulgaria |
76.6 | 31.6 | 4.7 | 3,984 | 0.1% | −59% |
| 37 | Algeria |
75.9 | 198 | 4.2 | 5,477 | 0.5% | +161% |
| 38 | Hungary |
73.4 | 40.0 | 4.1 | 5,184 | 0.1% | −46% |
| 39 | Egypt |
72.9 | 258 | 2.2 | 7,471 | 0.7% | +254% |
| 40 | Pakistan |
67.8 | 180 | 0.7 | 5,740 | 0.5% | +165% |
| 41 | Austria |
62.2 | 56.4 | 6.2 | 5,750 | 0.1% | −9% |
| 42 | Slovakia |
61.5 | 29.1 | 5.3 | 4,028 | 0.1% | −53% |
| 43 | Serbia |
57.5 | 42.0 | 6.2 | 2,925 | 0.1% | −27% |
| 44 | Sweden |
57.4 | 38.1 | 3.6 | 5,135 | 0.1% | −34% |
| 45 | Colombia |
56.9 | 92.7 | 1.8 | 3,802 | 0.2% | +63% |
| 46 | Finland |
56.9 | 29.8 | 5.3 | 3,325 | 0.1% | −48% |
| 47 | Malaysia |
54.3 | 290 | 8.2 | 7,042 | 0.8% | +434% |
| 48 | Denmark |
53.5 | 28.4 | 4.7 | 4,200 | 0.1% | −47% |
| 49 | United Arab Emirates |
51.9 | 222 | 20.1 | 5,824 | 0.6% | +328% |
| 50 | Azerbaijan |
51.3 | 39.8 | 3.9 | 2,637 | 0.1% | −22% |
| 51 | Iraq |
49.7 | 234 | 5.1 | 5,351 | 0.6% | +371% |
| 52 | Portugal |
45.3 | 35.5 | 3.4 | 2,768 | 0.1% | −22% |
| 53 | Switzerland |
44.1 | 32.1 | 3.6 | 3,158 | 0.1% | −27% |
| 54 | Singapore |
43.5 | 53.9 | 9.2 | 2,248 | 0.1% | +24% |
| 55 | Philippines |
40.8 | 175 | 1.5 | 3,984 | 0.5% | +329% |
| 56 | Nigeria |
38.8 | 136 | 0.6 | 4,711 | 0.4% | +251% |
| 57 | Kuwait |
37.9 | 130 | 26.2 | 3,398 | 0.3% | +243% |
| 58 | Syria |
37.3 | 31.8 | 1.3 | 2,056 | 0.1% | −15% |
| 59 | Estonia |
36.9 | 8.3 | 6.1 | 1,668 | 0.0% | −78% |
| 60 | Libya |
36.5 | 65.3 | 8.8 | 2,490 | 0.2% | +79% |
| 61 | Moldova |
36.5 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 1,358 | 0.0% | −85% |
| 62 | Israel |
35.8 | 52.6 | 5.6 | 2,608 | 0.1% | +47% |
| 63 | Lithuania |
35.7 | 12.5 | 4.4 | 1,610 | 0.0% | −65% |
| 64 | Norway |
35.0 | 37.2 | 6.7 | 2,787 | 0.1% | +6% |
| 65 | Turkmenistan |
33.4 | 81.0 | 10.8 | 2,742 | 0.2% | +143% |
| 66 | Chile |
32.9 | 78.7 | 4.0 | 3,325 | 0.2% | +139% |
| 67 | Ireland |
32.9 | 33.3 | 6.3 | 2,366 | 0.1% | +1% |
| 68 | Cuba |
29.6 | 24.4 | 2.2 | 1,814 | 0.1% | −18% |
| 69 | New Zealand |
25.5 | 32.5 | 6.2 | 2,012 | 0.1% | +27% |
| 70 | Croatia |
22.9 | 18.5 | 4.8 | 1,185 | 0.0% | −19% |
| 71 | Morocco |
22.3 | 69.1 | 1.8 | 2,016 | 0.2% | +210% |
| 72 | Peru |
21.4 | 70.2 | 2.1 | 2,162 | 0.2% | +228% |
| 73 | Vietnam |
21.3 | 371 | 3.7 | 5,669 | 1.0% | +1,642% |
| 74 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
19.9 | 19.4 | 6.1 | 1,043 | 0.1% | −3% |
| 75 | Latvia |
19.7 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 981 | 0.0% | −67% |
| 76 | Kyrgyzstan |
19.2 | 11.8 | 1.6 | 883 | 0.0% | −39% |
| 77 | Trinidad and Tobago |
17.0 | 34.6 | 22.9 | 1,711 | 0.1% | +104% |
| 78 | Ecuador |
16.5 | 46.0 | 2.5 | 1,391 | 0.1% | +179% |
| 79 | Zimbabwe |
15.5 | 13.7 | 0.8 | 833 | 0.0% | −12% |
| 80 | Slovenia |
15.1 | 12.8 | 6.0 | 911 | 0.0% | −15% |
| 81 | Georgia |
14.9 | 11.8 | 3.1 | 662 | 0.0% | −21% |
| 82 | Tunisia |
14.6 | 32.7 | 2.7 | 1,066 | 0.1% | +124% |
| 83 | Bangladesh |
14.1 | 108 | 0.6 | 2,001 | 0.3% | +666% |
| 84 | Tajikistan |
12.3 | 10.7 | 1.0 | 518 | 0.0% | −13% |
| 85 | Luxembourg |
11.8 | 7.0 | 10.5 | 783 | 0.0% | −41% |
| 86 | Bahrain |
11.5 | 39.0 | 24.3 | 1,112 | 0.1% | +239% |
| 87 | Qatar |
11.4 | 126 | 41.3 | 2,591 | 0.3% | +1,005% |
| 88 | Oman |
11.3 | 82.7 | 15.7 | 1,673 | 0.2% | +632% |
| 89 | North Macedonia |
11.1 | 6.6 | 3.6 | 538 | 0.0% | −41% |
| 90 | Jordan |
10.6 | 23.2 | 2.0 | 793 | 0.1% | +119% |
| 91 | Bolivia |
10.0 | 28.7 | 2.3 | 641 | 0.1% | +187% |
| 92 | Mongolia |
9.8 | 44.7 | 12.9 | 861 | 0.1% | +356% |
| 93 | Yemen |
9.6 | 10.1 | 0.2 | 708 | 0.0% | +5% |
| 94 | Armenia |
9.0 | 7.4 | 2.5 | 407 | 0.0% | −18% |
| 95 | Dominican Republic |
8.9 | 33.1 | 2.9 | 869 | 0.1% | +272% |
| 96 | Lebanon |
7.9 | 15.6 | 2.7 | 795 | 0.0% | +97% |
| 97 | Jamaica |
7.5 | 8.4 | 3.0 | 485 | 0.0% | +12% |
| 98 | Kenya |
5.8 | 21.2 | 0.4 | 551 | 0.1% | +266% |
| 99 | Albania |
5.5 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 308 | 0.0% | −20% |
| 100 | Angola |
5.1 | 22.3 | 0.6 | 740 | 0.1% | +337% |
| 101 | Brunei |
5.0 | 12.1 | 26.0 | 428 | 0.0% | +142% |
| 102 | Sudan |
4.8 | 17.8 | 0.4 | 517 | 0.0% | +271% |
| 103 | Côte d'Ivoire |
4.8 | 14.8 | 0.5 | 400 | 0.0% | +208% |
| 104 | Guatemala |
4.7 | 19.9 | 1.1 | 516 | 0.1% | +323% |
| 105 | Cyprus |
4.6 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 322 | 0.0% | +59% |
| 106 | Gabon |
4.5 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 307 | 0.0% | +20% |
| 107 | Myanmar |
4.2 | 31.6 | 0.6 | 728 | 0.1% | +652% |
| 108 | DR Congo |
4.2 | 5.9 | 0.1 | 239 | 0.0% | +40% |
| 109 | Uruguay |
4.0 | 8.0 | 2.4 | 477 | 0.0% | +100% |
| 110 | Sri Lanka |
3.8 | 20.8 | 0.9 | 568 | 0.1% | +447% |
| 111 | Ghana |
3.5 | 21.0 | 0.6 | 427 | 0.1% | +500% |
| 112 | Ethiopia |
3.0 | 17.8 | 0.1 | 330 | 0.0% | +493% |
| 113 | Senegal |
2.9 | 14.1 | 0.8 | 301 | 0.0% | +386% |
| 114 | Costa Rica |
2.9 | 8.8 | 1.7 | 286 | 0.0% | +203% |
| 115 | Botswana |
2.7 | 7.5 | 3.0 | 184 | 0.0% | +178% |
| 116 | Panama |
2.6 | 12.7 | 2.8 | 360 | 0.0% | +388% |
| 117 | Cameroon |
2.6 | 9.6 | 0.3 | 309 | 0.0% | +269% |
| 118 | Honduras |
2.5 | 12.9 | 1.2 | 310 | 0.0% | +416% |
| 119 | El Salvador |
2.5 | 9.0 | 1.4 | 265 | 0.0% | +260% |
| 120 | Zambia |
2.4 | 12.0 | 0.6 | 301 | 0.0% | +400% |
| 121 | Malta |
2.4 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 111 | 0.0% | −29% |
| 122 | Papua New Guinea |
2.2 | 8.3 | 0.8 | 210 | 0.0% | +277% |
| 123 | Iceland |
2.2 | 3.8 | 9.7 | 172 | 0.0% | +73% |
| 124 | Montenegro |
2.2 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 122 | 0.0% | +9% |
| 125 | Tanzania |
2.1 | 20.0 | 0.3 | 345 | 0.1% | +852% |
| 126 | Paraguay |
2.1 | 7.9 | 1.1 | 209 | 0.0% | +276% |
| 127 | Afghanistan |
2.0 | 10.8 | 0.3 | 243 | 0.0% | +440% |
| 128 | Nicaragua |
2.0 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 198 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 129 | Bahamas |
2.0 | 3.1 | 7.6 | 181 | 0.0% | +55% |
| 130 | Suriname |
1.7 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 129 | 0.0% | +76% |
| 131 | Mauritius |
1.5 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 133 | 0.0% | +213% |
| 132 | Lesotho |
1.5 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 72.3 | 0.0% | +73% |
| 133 | Cambodia |
1.3 | 21.9 | 1.2 | 252 | 0.1% | +1,585% |
| 134 | Guyana |
1.1 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 117 | 0.0% | +309% |
| 135 | Republic of the Congo |
1.0 | 8.8 | 1.4 | 191 | 0.0% | +780% |
| 136 | Mozambique |
1.0 | 8.6 | 0.2 | 211 | 0.0% | +760% |
| 137 | Barbados |
1.0 | 1.4 | 4.8 | 63.9 | 0.0% | +40% |
| 138 | Haiti |
0.99 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 88.8 | 0.0% | +203% |
| 139 | Togo |
0.98 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 76.6 | 0.0% | +186% |
| 140 | Guinea |
0.97 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 106 | 0.0% | +312% |
| 141 | Eswatini |
0.96 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 44.6 | 0.0% | +4% |
| 142 | Madagascar |
0.94 | 4.5 | 0.1 | 113 | 0.0% | +379% |
| 143 | Palestine |
0.86 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 78.0 | 0.0% | +458% |
| 144 | Mauritania |
0.85 | 5.2 | 1.0 | 99.9 | 0.0% | +512% |
| 145 | Fiji |
0.80 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 54.1 | 0.0% | +75% |
| 146 | Somalia |
0.78 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 41.9 | 0.0% | +67% |
| 147 | Uganda |
0.76 | 6.3 | 0.1 | 131 | 0.0% | +729% |
| 148 | Malawi |
0.74 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 57.6 | 0.0% | +157% |
| 149 | Nepal |
0.72 | 18.8 | 0.6 | 232 | 0.0% | +2,511% |
| 150 | Niger |
0.60 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 61.5 | 0.0% | +433% |
| 151 | Burkina Faso |
0.59 | 6.5 | 0.3 | 95.8 | 0.0% | +1,002% |
| 152 | Benin |
0.58 | 6.1 | 0.4 | 128 | 0.0% | +952% |
| 153 | Rwanda |
0.52 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 37.3 | 0.0% | +285% |
| 154 | Laos |
0.51 | 24.4 | 3.1 | 243 | 0.1% | +4,684% |
| 155 | Sierra Leone |
0.50 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 42.6 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 156 | Liberia |
0.46 | 0.86 | 0.2 | 52.5 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 157 | Mali |
0.42 | 7.0 | 0.3 | 100 | 0.0% | +1,567% |
| 158 | South Sudan |
0.42 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 45.5 | 0.0% | +305% |
| 159 | Andorra |
0.40 | 0.42 | 5.2 | 16.7 | 0.0% | +5% |
| 160 | Chad |
0.38 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 51.3 | 0.0% | +637% |
| 161 | Belize |
0.31 | 0.80 | 1.9 | 22.5 | 0.0% | +158% |
| 162 | Djibouti |
0.30 | 0.56 | 0.5 | 21.1 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 163 | Antigua and Barbuda |
0.24 | 0.67 | 7.1 | 26.9 | 0.0% | +179% |
| 164 | Burundi |
0.21 | 0.92 | 0.1 | 16.7 | 0.0% | +338% |
| 165 | Gambia |
0.20 | 0.80 | 0.3 | 17.7 | 0.0% | +300% |
| 166 | Liechtenstein |
0.20 | 0.13 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 0.0% | −35% |
| 167 | Bhutan |
0.19 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 29.8 | 0.0% | +795% |
| 168 | Cape Verde |
0.18 | 0.59 | 1.1 | 16.9 | 0.0% | +228% |
| 169 | Saint Lucia |
0.18 | 0.54 | 3.0 | 16.5 | 0.0% | +200% |
| 170 | Central African Republic |
0.18 | 0.39 | 0.1 | 12.3 | 0.0% | +117% |
| 171 | Maldives |
0.17 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 33.7 | 0.0% | +1,253% |
| 172 | Seychelles |
0.15 | 0.65 | 5.0 | 16.1 | 0.0% | +333% |
| 173 | Solomon Islands |
0.15 | 0.29 | 0.4 | 11.6 | 0.0% | +93% |
| 174 | Nauru |
0.12 | 0.06 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 0.0% | −50% |
| 175 | Grenada |
0.11 | 0.38 | 3.2 | 9.6 | 0.0% | +245% |
| 176 | Saint Kitts and Nevis |
0.11 | 0.26 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 0.0% | +136% |
| 177 | Guinea-Bissau |
0.10 | 0.34 | 0.2 | 8.3 | 0.0% | +240% |
| 178 | Samoa |
0.09 | 0.25 | 1.1 | 7.8 | 0.0% | +178% |
| 179 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
0.08 | 0.26 | 2.5 | 8.0 | 0.0% | +225% |
| 180 | Tonga |
0.08 | 0.15 | 1.5 | 4.9 | 0.0% | +87% |
| 181 | Vanuatu |
0.07 | 0.20 | 0.6 | 5.5 | 0.0% | +186% |
| 182 | Equatorial Guinea |
0.06 | 7.0 | 3.7 | 163 | 0.0% | +11,567% |
| 183 | Comoros |
0.06 | 0.55 | 0.6 | 7.5 | 0.0% | +817% |
| 184 | Dominica |
0.06 | 0.17 | 2.6 | 5.5 | 0.0% | +183% |
| 185 | São Tomé and Príncipe |
0.05 | 0.14 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 0.0% | +180% |
| 186 | Kiribati |
0.02 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 0.0% | +250% |
| 187 | Tuvalu |
0.00 | 0.01 | 1.2 | 0.30 | 0.0% | New |
Why they rank where they do
-
China
Coal produced 72% of China's CO2 in 2024. Coal's share of China's electricity fell from about 58% in 2024 to about 54% in 2025. China added 277 gigawatts of solar power in 2024 and 315 gigawatts in 2025, both records.
-
United States
US emissions peaked in 2005, at 6,127 million tonnes. Coal made 50% of US electricity in 2005 and about 15% in 2024, replaced mostly by cheap natural gas from shale drilling. The United States left the Paris Agreement in January 2026. It will leave the UN climate convention in February 2027, the first country ever to do so.
-
India
Coal generated about 75% of India's electricity in 2024 and about 71% in 2025. Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a target of net zero emissions by 2070 at the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow on November 1, 2021.
-
Russia
The World Bank names Russia the world's largest flarer of natural gas. Russia's emissions fell 42% from 1990 to 1998, from 2,536 to 1,466 million tonnes, as Soviet-era industry shut down.
-
Japan
After the Fukushima nuclear accident on March 11, 2011, Japan shut down its reactors and burned more coal, gas and oil. Japan had no nuclear power at all from September 2013 to August 2015. Japan's emissions peaked in 2013, at 1,312 million tonnes. By 2026, 15 reactors had restarted.
-
Indonesia
Indonesia had 19.3 gigawatts of coal power plants built for its own industrial parks in July 2025, mostly to smelt nickel in Central Sulawesi and North Maluku. Indonesia is also the world's largest exporter of coal for power plants, about 517 million tonnes in 2025.
-
Iran
Gasoline in Iran cost about 3 US cents a liter on September 21, 2026, the second-cheapest in the world after Libya. Iran is the world's second-largest flarer of natural gas, after Russia.
-
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia burns crude oil in its power plants, most of all in summer for air conditioning. It burned about 629,000 barrels a day for power from June to August 2025. Saudi Arabia plans to stop burning about 1 million barrels a day of oil products for power by 2030.
-
Germany
Germany shut its last three nuclear power plants (Isar 2, Emsland and Neckarwestheim 2) on April 15, 2023. A 2020 law requires Germany to stop making electricity from coal by 2038 at the latest.
-
Canada
The oil and gas industry was Canada's largest source of greenhouse gases in 2024, 30% of the national total. Alberta's oil sands emitted about 92 million tonnes, up from 33 million in 2005.
-
Australia
Australia was the world's second-largest coal exporter in 2024, after Indonesia, with about 363 million tonnes. Australia is also one of the three largest exporters of liquefied natural gas. Emissions from these exports count in the countries that burn the fuel.
-
United Kingdom
Britain's last coal power station, Ratcliffe-on-Soar in Nottinghamshire, closed on September 30, 2024. That ended 142 years of coal power in Britain, which began with Thomas Edison's Holborn Viaduct power station in London in 1882.
-
Qatar
Qatar had 3.21 million residents at the end of 2025. About 88% are foreigners, most of them migrant workers. Much of Qatar's CO2 comes from producing gas and from the plants that liquefy it for export.
-
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago is the world's largest net exporter of ammonia, about 3.6 million tonnes in 2024, and one of the largest exporters of methanol. Both are made from natural gas.
Which country has emitted the most CO2 in history?
The United States has emitted the most CO2 from fossil fuels and cement since 1750: 435 billion tonnes, 23.5% of the world total of 1,849 billion tonnes. China is second at 285 billion tonnes (15.4%), followed by Russia at 123 billion (6.6%), Germany at 95 billion (5.1%), the United Kingdom at 80 billion (4.3%), Japan at 70 billion (3.8%), India at 66 billion (3.6%) and France at 40 billion (2.2%).
When deforestation and other land use are included, the ranking changes. A Carbon Brief analysis of emissions from 1850 to 2021 found the United States responsible for about 20% of the total, China 11%, Russia 7%, Brazil 5% and Indonesia 4%. Brazil and Indonesia rank high because of forest clearing.
- United States434,867
- China285,087
- Russia122,808
- Germany95,136
- United Kingdom80,079
- Japan69,612
- India66,073
- France40,048
Which countries emit the most CO2 per person?
Qatar emits the most CO2 per person: 41.3 tonnes in 2024. Kuwait is second at 26.2, followed by Brunei at 26.0, Bahrain at 24.3, Trinidad and Tobago at 22.9, Saudi Arabia at 20.4, the United Arab Emirates at 20.1 and Oman at 15.7. All eight produce oil or gas.
Among countries with at least 20 million people, Saudi Arabia is first, followed by Australia at 14.5 tonnes per person. The United States emitted 20.3 tonnes per person in 1990 and 14.2 in 2024. China's emissions per person are 8.7 tonnes. India's are 2.2, less than half the world average of 4.7. In Ethiopia and DR Congo, the figure is 0.1 tonnes.
- Qatar41.3
- Kuwait26.2
- Brunei26.0
- Bahrain24.3
- Trinidad and Tobago22.9
- Saudi Arabia20.4
- United Arab Emirates20.1
- Oman15.7
Which countries have cut their CO2 emissions the most?
Ukraine cut its emissions the most among countries that emitted at least 100 million tonnes in 1990: down 80%, from 707 to 142 million tonnes. Much of that came from Soviet-era industry shutting down in the 1990s. Ukraine's emissions fell another 32% in 2022, from 211 to 143 million tonnes, after Russia's invasion. Russia's own emissions fell 30% from 1990 to 2024.
Germany's fell 46%, from 1,055 to 572 million tonnes. After reunification in 1990, much of East Germany's coal-burning industry closed. The United Kingdom's fell 48%, from 602 to 313. The EU's 27 countries together emitted 2,426 million tonnes in 2024, down 37% from 1990. If CO2 from making imported goods is counted in the country that buys them, the United Kingdom's emissions are 28% higher, Germany's 29% higher and France's 51% higher.
- Ukraine−80%
- Romania−61%
- Czechia−54%
- Belarus−48%
- United Kingdom−48%
- North Korea−47%
- Germany−46%
- France−33%
Change in CO2 emissions, 1990 to 2024. Countries that emitted at least 100 million tonnes in 1990.
Are China's emissions still rising?
China's emissions have been roughly flat since early 2024. Lauri Myllyvirta of the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) found that China's CO2 emissions peaked in March 2024. They fell about 0.3% in 2025. In 2026 they rose 2% in the first quarter and fell 1% in the second, when China's oil use dropped during the Strait of Hormuz crisis.
China's emissions rose 395% from 1990 to 2024, and China passed the United States as the largest emitter in 2006. On September 22, 2020, Xi Jinping told the UN General Assembly that China's emissions would peak before 2030 and that China would reach carbon neutrality before 2060. In 2025 he set a target to cut China's net greenhouse gas emissions by 7% to 10% from their peak by 2035. Emissions are still rising fast in India, up 453% since 1990, and in Indonesia, up 424%.
- India+452%
- Indonesia+424%
- China+395%
- Saudi Arabia+280%
- Iran+276%
- Turkey+231%
- South Korea+133%
- Brazil+121%
Change in CO2 emissions, 1990 to 2024. Countries that emitted at least 100 million tonnes in 1990.
How much CO2 does the world emit?
The world emitted 38.6 billion tonnes of CO2 in 2024, up from 22.7 billion in 1990. That total includes 623 million tonnes from international shipping and 569 million from international flights, which count for no country. On October 17, 2025, members of the International Maritime Organization voted 57 to 49 to delay by one year a plan to cut shipping emissions to net zero.
The Global Carbon Project expected emissions to reach a new record in 2025, up about 1.1%. The Paris Agreement, adopted on December 12, 2015, aims to hold warming well below 2°C and to try to limit it to 1.5°C. The World Meteorological Organization found that 2024 was about 1.55°C warmer than 1850 to 1900, likely the first calendar year above 1.5°C. The Global Carbon Project estimates that 170 billion tonnes of CO2 can still be emitted for an even chance of staying below 1.5°C, about four years of current emissions.
